important exam topics Flashcards

1
Q

renin activates

A

angiotensin I+II

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2
Q

renin causes

A

vasoconstriction

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3
Q

ACE

A

turns angiotensin I into angiotensin II

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4
Q

activation of vitamin D3 occurs in

A

proximal tubule cells

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5
Q

vitamin D3 is involved in

A

calcium regulation

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6
Q

erythropoietin stimulates production of

A

RBCs in the bone marrow

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7
Q

urea comes from

A

protein breakdown

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8
Q

uric acid comes from

A

ATP breakdown

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9
Q

creatinine comes from

A

muscle

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10
Q

increase in MAP causes

A

increased blood flow, GFR, and urine

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11
Q

increased GFR can also cause increased

A

Na+, Cl- filtration

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12
Q

macula densa cells detect

A

increased Na+, Cl- in filtration

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13
Q

macula dense cells constrict

A

afferent arterioles

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14
Q

contraction of afferent arteriole causes

A

decreased filtration

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15
Q

contraction of efferent arteriole causes

A

increased filtration

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16
Q

granular cells release

A

renin

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17
Q

macula dense cells are on

A

ascending limb of loop of Henle

18
Q

granular cells are on

A

afferent arteriole

19
Q

constriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles causes

A

decreased filtration

20
Q

constricted afferent arterioles inhibit

A

increased glomerular blood flow and capillary pressure

21
Q

sympathetic nervous system releases

22
Q

release of NE, Ep act on

A

alpha 1 receptors

23
Q

release of NE, Ep causes

A

vasoconstriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles
- decreased renal blood flow

24
Q

increased GFR causes

A

increased urine

25
inulin (GFR and filtration)
filtered not reabsorbed not secreted
26
PAH (GFR and filtration)
filtered not reabsorbed completely secreted
27
glucose (GFR and filtration)
filtered completely reabsorbed not secreted
28
diabetes mellitus causes
glucose in urine increased Urine volume
29
0-GFR-RPF
scale of the amount of reabsorption/secretion - RPF: complete secretion - 0 : complete reabsorption
30
proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs
100% glucose + amino acids 70% K+, Na+, H2O
31
proximal convoluted tubule secretes
100% PAH
32
descending loop of henle reabsorbs
H2O
33
ascending loop of Henle reabsorbs
Na+ and Cl-
34
distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs
Na+ and Cl-
35
aldosterone increases
protein synthesis Na/K pumps Na+ reabsorption K+ secretion
36
ADH increases
H2O reabsorption
37
increase in renin causes an increase in
aldosterone, Na+ reabsorption, blood pressure, urine
38
increase in ANP causes a decrease in
aldosterone, Na+ reabsorption, blood pressure, renin
39
when the stretch receptor is stimulated what relaxes the voluntary sphincter
alpha-mn is inhibited
40
when the stretch receptor is stimulated what causes the detrusser muscle to contact
parasympathetic NS
41
ADH pathophysiology
increase in cAMP, PKA bind aquaporins to luminal membrane increase in H2O reabsorption