important exam topics

Question 1

renin activates

Answer 1

angiotensin I+II

Question 2

renin causes

Answer 2

vasoconstriction

Question 3

ACE

Answer 3

turns angiotensin I into angiotensin II

Question 4

activation of vitamin D3 occurs in

Answer 4

proximal tubule cells

Question 5

vitamin D3 is involved in

Answer 5

calcium regulation

Question 6

erythropoietin stimulates production of

Answer 6

RBCs in the bone marrow

Question 7

urea comes from

Answer 7

protein breakdown

Question 8

uric acid comes from

Answer 8

ATP breakdown

Question 9

creatinine comes from

Answer 9

muscle

Question 10

increase in MAP causes

Answer 10

increased blood flow, GFR, and urine

Question 11

increased GFR can also cause increased

Answer 11

Na+, Cl- filtration

Question 12

macula densa cells detect

Answer 12

increased Na+, Cl- in filtration

Question 13

macula dense cells constrict

Answer 13

afferent arterioles

Question 14

contraction of afferent arteriole causes

Answer 14

decreased filtration

Question 15

contraction of efferent arteriole causes

Answer 15

increased filtration

Question 16

granular cells release

Answer 16

renin

Question 17

macula dense cells are on

Answer 17

ascending limb of loop of Henle

Question 18

granular cells are on

Answer 18

afferent arteriole

Question 19

constriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles causes

Answer 19

decreased filtration

Question 20

constricted afferent arterioles inhibit

Answer 20

increased glomerular blood flow and capillary pressure

Question 21

sympathetic nervous system releases

Answer 21

NE, Ep

Question 22

release of NE, Ep act on

Answer 22

alpha 1 receptors

Question 23

release of NE, Ep causes

Answer 23

vasoconstriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles
- decreased renal blood flow

Question 24

increased GFR causes

Answer 24

increased urine

Question 25

inulin (GFR and filtration)

Answer 25

filtered
not reabsorbed
not secreted

Question 26

PAH (GFR and filtration)

Answer 26

filtered
not reabsorbed
completely secreted

Question 27

glucose (GFR and filtration)

Answer 27

filtered
completely reabsorbed
not secreted

Question 28

diabetes mellitus causes

Answer 28

glucose in urine
increased Urine volume

Question 29

0-GFR-RPF

Answer 29

scale of the amount of reabsorption/secretion
- RPF: complete secretion
- 0 : complete reabsorption

Question 30

proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs

Answer 30

100% glucose + amino acids
70% K+, Na+, H2O

Question 31

proximal convoluted tubule secretes

Answer 31

100% PAH

Question 32

descending loop of henle reabsorbs

Answer 32

H2O

Question 33

ascending loop of Henle reabsorbs

Answer 33

Na+ and Cl-

Question 34

distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs

Answer 34

Na+ and Cl-

Question 35

aldosterone increases

Answer 35

protein synthesis
Na/K pumps
Na+ reabsorption
K+ secretion

Question 36

ADH increases

Answer 36

H2O reabsorption

Question 37

increase in renin causes an increase in

Answer 37

aldosterone, Na+ reabsorption, blood pressure, urine

Question 38

increase in ANP causes a decrease in

Answer 38

aldosterone, Na+ reabsorption, blood pressure, renin

Question 39

when the stretch receptor is stimulated what relaxes the voluntary sphincter

Answer 39

alpha-mn is inhibited

Question 40

when the stretch receptor is stimulated what causes the detrusser muscle to contact

Answer 40

parasympathetic NS

Question 41

ADH pathophysiology

Answer 41

increase in cAMP, PKA
bind aquaporins to luminal membrane
increase in H2O reabsorption