acid-base balance

Question 1

increase of H+ causes

Answer 1

decrease in pH

Question 2

glucose metabolism –>

Answer 2

lactic acid

Question 3

fatty acid metabolism –>

Answer 3

ketone body acids

Question 4

protein metabolism –>

Answer 4

strong acids

Question 5

normal extracellular H+ concentration

Answer 5

40 nm

Question 6

normal extracellular H+ concentration determines the function of

Answer 6

enzymes
channels
receptors

Question 7

production of H+ in the body

Answer 7

CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3-

Question 8

regulation of pH

Answer 8

buffers (seconds)
respiratory system (minutes)
renal system (days)

Question 9

buffers

Answer 9

minimize change in pH

Question 10

phosphate buffer

Answer 10

HPO4^2- + H <–> H2PO4-

Question 11

protein buffer

Answer 11

Hb
Hb + H+ <–> HbH+

Question 12

HCO3-/CO2 system

Answer 12

open system
add or remove:
- HCO3- kidney
- CO2 - respiration

Question 13

respiratory system regulation

Answer 13

high H+ –> increase ventilation –> decrease CO2 –> H+

Question 14

renal system regulation

Answer 14

excrete H+ or reabsorb or create HCO3-

Question 15

creation of new HCO3- in renal system

Answer 15

glutamine is broken down into HCO3- and NH4+
- NH4+ excreted in urine
- HCO3- goes into blood

Question 16

excretion of acid

Answer 16

H+ secreted in exchange for Na+
H+ binds to phosphate buffer and is excreted

Question 17

acidosis (increased H+)

Answer 17

high CO2 - respiratory
low HCO3- : metabolic

Question 18

alkalosis (decreased H+)

Answer 18

low CO2 : respiratory
high HCO3- : metabolic

Question 19

respiratory acidosis

Answer 19

always associated with high CO2

Question 20

cause of respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

decreased ventilation, severe asthma

Question 21

compensation for respiratory acidosis

Answer 21

kidneys secrete more H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-

Question 22

respiratory alkalosis is always associated with low

Answer 22

CO2

Question 23

cause of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 23

increased ventilation - high altitude

Question 24

compensation for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 24

kidneys secrete less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-

Question 25

metabolic acidosis is always associated with

Answer 25

low HCO3-
- due to loss of HCO3 or addition of H+

Question 26

cause of metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

kidney failure - dont reabsorb HCO3-
diarrhea - loss of HCO3- from intestines
exercise - production of lactic acid

Question 27

compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

respiratory system
increased ventilation - decreased CO2 - decreased H+

Question 28

metabolic alkalosis is always associated with

Answer 28

high HCO3-
- due to addition of HCO3- or loss of H+

Question 29

cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 29

abuse of antacids (HCO3-)
vomiting - loss of H+ from the stomach

Question 30

metabolic alkalosis compensation

Answer 30

respiratory system
decreased ventilation - increased CO2 - increased H+