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CPR Exam 2 > Renal Anatomy and Histology - Brauer > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy and Histology - Brauer Flashcards

1
Q

Transpyloric Plane

A

L1 or spinous process of T12
superior to left hilum
through right kidney superior pole

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2
Q

inferior pole of the right kidney

A

one index finger width from the superior iliac crest

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3
Q

ureter travels how

A

out from hilum
over the common iliac, beginning of external iliac
into bladder

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4
Q

common constriction points on the ureter

A

where stones can form more
1. uretopelvic junction (just leaving hilum)
2 over the common/ beginning of external iliac
3. uretovesical junction (entrance to bladder)

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5
Q

Renal Blood supply in order to Glomerular capillaries

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Renal A
  3. Segmental A
  4. Interlobar A (between pyramids in cortex)
  5. Arcuate A
  6. Interlobular A (ascending to branch)
  7. AFFERENT ARTERIOLE
  8. Glomerular capillaries
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6
Q

Renal Blood supply in order from Glomerular capillaries

A
  1. Glomerular Capillaries
  2. EFFERNT ARTERIOLE
  3. PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
  4. VASA RECTA
  5. interlobular veins
  6. arcuate veins
  7. interlobar vein
  8. Renal vein
  9. IVC
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7
Q

Kindney nerve supply

PARA and SYMPA

A

SYMPA: AORTICORENAL GANLION * (T10- T12), lesser and least splanchnic nerves
PARA: CN10

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8
Q

Cortex has what structures

A
  1. Renal Corpuscles (glomerulus)
  2. Convoluted tubule
  3. Straight tubule
  4. CD
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9
Q

Medulla has what structures

A
  1. renal columns and pyramids
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10
Q

Cortical (Medullary) rays

A

CDs and straight tubules running in the cortex

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11
Q

Renal intertitium

A

fibroblasts making erythropoietin (based on O2 levels)

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12
Q

uriniferous tubule

A

carries urine

NEPHRON + CD in the medullary ray

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13
Q

nephron consists of

A 
renal corpuscle (glomerulus)
renal tubules
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14
Q

cortical and medullary CDs are what

A

final urine collectors

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15
Q

Glomerular capillary is like what

A
  1. fenestrated and truly open pores (no diaphragm covering it)
  2. AQP-1 aquaporins
  3. secrete NO and PGE
  4. Glycocaylx
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16
Q

Bowman’ scapsule layers

A
  1. Parietal simple squamous
  2. visceral layer (podocytes) on top of the capillaries
  3. glomerular space = ultrafiltrate
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17
Q

glomerular filtration 3 layers

A
  1. Glomerular capillary endothelium
  2. 3 layes of BM
  3. Podocytes
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18
Q

Podocytes are like what

A

filtration slits that are sensitive to charge and size (40mn)
has NEPHRIN* (charge selection)

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19
Q

Glomerular BM has what important things

A

selective for charge and size (70mn) also
heparin sulfate
X ALBUMIN or CELLS

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20
Q

between the parietal layer and the visceral later of the renal corpuscle is what

A

the glomerular space = urine collects

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21
Q

Mesangial cells location

A

renal corpuscle
near vascular stalk
(also some in the JG apparatus)

22
Q

Mesangial cells in certain kidney diseases

A

proliferate into a bulge (can happen in uncontrolled diabetes)

23
Q

mesagium

A

mesangial cells and ECM

24
Q

Meangial cells function

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. support
  3. secrete IL1, PGE, PDGF
  4. CONTRACTILE based on BP (regulate glomerular distention
25
Q

how much is reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule

A

65% (120L/day)

26
Q

proximal convoluted tubule histology

A

simple cuboidal —-> simple columnar

BRUSH BOARDER

27
Q

proximal convoluted tubule function

A
  1. Na/K/ATPase
    reabsorb Na+, Cl-, H2O
  2. AQP-1 : also H2O
  3. sGLT2 : reabsorb sugars, aa, that could have passed, high capacity, low affinity
28
Q

Proximal Straight Tubule

function

A

THICK decsending limb of loop of henle
Shorter
has sGLT1 : low capacity, high affinity for Na+
= NA reabsorption

29
Q

descending thin loop of henle

A

HIGH H2O REABSORPTION
X Na and urea permeability
= concentrates urine

30
Q

ascending thin loop of henle

A

NA and CL REABSORPTION (out from urine

X H2O permeability

31
Q

thin LOH histology

A

simple squamous with NO BRUSH BOARDER or microvilli,

nuclei bulge into lumen

32
Q

Distal Straight Tubule

Histology

A

THICK part of ascending LOH

simple cuboidal with some microvilli NOT visible

33
Q

Distal Straight Tubule

function

A

NA+, Cl, K+ REABSORPTION (out from urine)
X H2O permeability
nucleus bulges into lumen

34
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Histology

A

simple cuboidal with NO cilia
NA + , HCO-3 REABORPTION
K, NH+4 SECRETION (into urine)

35
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule

function

A

Aldosterone : changes reabsorption amount of NA and H2O

36
Q

Collecting Duct

histology

A

CORTICAL : simple squamous –> simple cuboidal
MEDUALLRY : simple cuboidal –> simple columnar
* you can see cell boundaries on histology slides*

37
Q

Collecting Duct

2 cell types

A
  1. Light cells (PRINCIPAL) : single cilium, ADH target–> AQP2
  2. Dark cells (intercalated) : a-intercalated = secrete H+
    B-intercalated = secrete HCO-3 (into urine)
38
Q

Collecting Duct major function

A

reabsorb H2) with aldosterone and ADH regulation

39
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

around convoluted tubules
REASBSORB H2O and NA
has fenestrations

40
Q

Vasa Recta capillaries

A

around LOH
descending one = continuous
ascending one = fenestrated

41
Q

Histology of bladder and proximal urethra

A

Transitional epithelium
= umbrella an dome shaped : empty
= flat to accomodate distention : full

42
Q

transitional epithelium has 3 layers

what are they and function

A
  1. Superficial : stretching
  2. Intermediate : sliding
  3. Basal : stem cells
43
Q

what prevents urine to get into the cells in the bladder

A

the plasma membrane has plaques = UROPLAKIN proteins that they secrete to prevent the diffusion
(in fusiform vesicles)
gives rigid and thicker surface

44
Q

ureter is what type of hitology

A

lumin = transitional epithelium
SM (3 layers)
outer = adipose

45
Q

3 layers of SM of ureter

A
  1. inner long
  2. middle circ
  3. outer long
46
Q

urine reflux is prevented by what

A
  1. Bladder distetion = compresses ureter opening
  2. SM contraction of bladder wall = compresses ureter opening
  3. Ureter enters bladder obliquely: compress ureter opening
47
Q

urinary bladder has 2 types of SM what are they and function

A
  1. DETRUSOR muscle = contraction of bladder to squeeze out urine
  2. Internal urethral sphincter : around internal urethra orifice (INVOLUNTARY control)
48
Q

what is the voluntary control to let pee out

A

external urethral sphincter

striated muscle

49
Q

urethral histology

A
  1. Transitional : proximal
  2. Psudostratified columnar : majority and middle
  3. stratified squamous : distal end
50
Q

female urethra

A

shorter

posterior to clitoris

51
Q

male urethra 3 parts and type of histology

A
  1. prostatic : transitional (where ejaculatory and prostatic duct enter)
  2. Membranous : psudostratified columnar (1cm long + has external sphincter**)
  3. Penile spongy : psudostratified columnar—-> strat squamous (15cm, through the penis, urethral glands, erectile tissue)
52
Q

Polycystic Kidney Disease

A 
autosomal dominant  (ADPKD)
intrarenal cysts over time develop = damage and crush normal renal tissue = Kidney failure, HTN or hypotension (BP problems), increased UTI
asymptomatic until average of 30 -40 years

CPR Exam 2 (22 decks)

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