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CPR Exam 2 > Lung Volumes And Capacities -Rogers > Flashcards

Lung Volumes And Capacities -Rogers Flashcards

1
Q

Spirometry

A

Measuring breathing to know how much you inhale and exhale

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2
Q

Tidal volume and how much is normal

A

Normal volume you breath in and out (quiet breathing)

*= 500mL

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3
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The extra volume you breath in during deep inhale (not including tidal volume in)
Can change with lung compliance (flexibility of wall) + posture

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4
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Deep inhale volume including tidal volume in

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5
Q

Residual Volume

Normal amount

A

Volume in lung left after deep exhale
Double tidal volume = 1000mL
Changes with disease, cant be seen on spirometry
= if reached its wind knocked out from you

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6
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

Normal amount

A

Volume of air moving out from lung after deep exhale not including tidal volume out
(Expiration capacity would include tidal volume out)
= double tidal volume = 1000mL

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7
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Total volume of air from deepest inhale to deepest exhale

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8
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Total amount of volume of air inhaled deeply and exhaled deeply including the reserved volume still left in the lungs
= ERV + IRV + TV + RV
Can not be seen on spirometry

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9
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

Volume of deep exhale (not including tidal volume out) to the end of residual volume = expiratory reserve volume + reserve volume
* volume left in lung during normal Tidal volume exhale
= not seen on spirometry

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10
Q

Biggest part of TLC

A

IRV

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11
Q

What is similar to FVC

A

Vital capacity

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12
Q

What decreases FVC (VC) and RV

A

Age

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13
Q

Reduction in FCV happens when

A

Laying on back

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14
Q

Other factors effecting volumes in lungs

A

Body size, sex, ethnicity, obesity, pulmonary disease

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15
Q

Obesity causes what to lung volumes

A

Decrease all volumes (esp ERV + FRC)

No decease in Tidal volume

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16
Q

Age and lung volume

OLD and YOUNG

A

YOUNG
OLD = decreased Vital capacity and ERV, increased RV
Increase in FRC(due to higher increased RV)
(SAME TLC IN BOTH)

17
Q

Posture and lung volume

Seated vs supine (lowest)

A 
Seated = 
HIGHER TLC
HIGHER VC
RV is the same 
(Also higher FCV, ERV, little lower IC)
18
Q

Obesity and lung volume

A

LOWER FRC and ERV
Everything else is same
= LOWER TLC AND VC*

19
Q

Emphysema

A 
Alveoli destroyed (and loose capillaries) ballon (stretchy and flexible) becomes a trash bag 
= emphysema fills lungs up easily , HARD time blowing out
20
Q

Emphysema and lung volume

A

HIGHER TCL* AND RV*

LOWER VC* AND ERV

21
Q

Emphysema is what type of lung problem

A

Obstructive

22
Q

Fibrosis is what type of lung problem

A

Restrictive

23
Q

Fibrosis

A

Thickening of the alveoli tissue (alveoli is more like a balloon in water or whoopee cushion = hard to get air in, hard to push, however ones done air gets out with harder force)
= hard to expand lung cavity

24
Q

Fibrosis lung volume

A

DECREASE TLC* and RV* and VC*

25
Q

How to measure RV

Helium dilution

A

Do a He dilution inhalation
Change in concentration of known volume = FRV*
TLC = FRV + Inhalation capacity
RV = FRV - ERV

26
Q

How to measure RV

Body plethysmography

A

Enclosed box that patient sits inside
P in lungs change causes P in box to change
USE P1V1=P2V2*

27
Q

How to measure RV

Nitrogen Washout technique

A

Determine dead space by
1. patient breathing in 100% O2
2. All expired gas is collected until N2 = 0
3. V (expired) x (N2% in expired air) = 80% is normal air N2 percentage
= RV

28
Q

Pulmonary Dead Space

How to measure it

A 
TV = V(a) +V(d)
V(a) = volume doing gas exchange in alveoli
V(d) = volume not doing gas exchange in conducting airways (dead space)
29
Q

Pulmonary dead space is what

A

Air volume that is part of the tidal volume inhaled and exhaled and is not participating in gas exchange (stays in conducting airway)

30
Q

Physiological Dead Space

How to calculate it

A

= Anatomical Dead space + Alveolar Dead space

* measure with CO2 pressure

31
Q

Anatomical dead space

And amount in normal

A

Air in conducting airways (never gets to alveoli)

Usually 1mL per body weight lb (so mine is 118mL)

32
Q

Alveolar Dead Space

And Normal amount

A

Should be 0mL
Air left in the alveoli after breathing out or in not doing gas exchange
So normally physiologic dead space = anatomical dead space

33
Q

Alveolar dead space in smoker

A

Can increase physiological dead space due to increased destruction of alveoli causing increased alveolar dead space
*also increases in emphysema I think

CPR Exam 2 (22 decks)

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