Renal

Question 1

benign renal tumours

Answer 1

fibroma - medulla
adenoma - cortex
jgct
angiomyolipoma - seen in TS

Question 2

malignant renal cancers

Answer 2

nephroblastoma - kids
transitional cell carcinoma - trigone
urothelial
renal cell carcinoma (eg clear cell)

Question 3

prostate adenocarcinoma seen in the

Answer 3

peripheral zone

Question 4

postate adenocarcinoma associated with what marker

Answer 4

psa

Question 5

scoring for prostate cancer

Answer 5

gleason scoring

Question 6

benign prostate enlagrment at what zone

Answer 6

transitional zone

Question 7

seminoma associated with what marker

Answer 7

plap

Question 8

pyelonephritis

Answer 8

E.coli

Question 9

schistosomiasis

Answer 9

scc

Question 10

hydronephroiss

Answer 10

dilation of the pelvicalyceal system with parenchymal atrophy

Question 11

main causes of uti

Answer 11

ecoli klebsiella enterococcus proteus

Question 12

diagnose uti

Answer 12

midstream sample
red top 24 hrs
white top 2hrs

Question 13

treat uti

Answer 13

trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin

Question 14

why not trimetgoprim in pregnancy

Answer 14

inhibits folic acid synthesis

Question 15

why not nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

Answer 15

neonatal haemolysis

Question 16

what bacteria associated with calculi

Answer 16

proteus

Question 17

women of child bearing age

Answer 17

staph saphrophyticus (coag neg)

Question 18

catheter

Answer 18

pseudomonas

Question 19

treat pseudomonas uti

Answer 19

ciprofloxacin

Question 20

hospitalised uti

Answer 20

gentamicin

Question 21

complicated uti in gp

Answer 21

co amox or co trimox

Question 22

complicated uti in hospital

Answer 22

amox and gent

Question 23

ureteric colic

Answer 23

nsaid +/- morphine
alpha blocker
surgery if not passed on own within a month

Question 24

paraphimosis

Answer 24

painful swelling of foreskin

Question 25

priapism

Answer 25

prolongued erection lasting >4 hrs

Question 26

treat ischaemic priapism

Answer 26

aspirate blood and alpha agonist

Question 27

what are the 3 types of kidney failure

Answer 27

pre renal post

Question 28

eg of prerenal failure

Answer 28

hypertension hypovolaemia haemorrhade renal hypoperfuison

Question 29

what drug can cause pre renal failure

Answer 29

nsaids

Question 30

renal failure caises

Answer 30

tubular necrosis gln vasculitis rhabdo

Question 31

post renal causes

Answer 31

obstruction uti tumour ext compression

Question 32

specific gravity

Answer 32

urine conc

Question 33

oliguria

Answer 33

<400ml

Question 34

treat hyperkalaemia due to renal failure

Answer 34

calcium gluconate salb neb iv insulin haemodialysis

Question 35

normal gfr

Answer 35

125

Question 36

ckd 1

Answer 36

gfr 90 with damage

Question 37

cdk2

Answer 37

gfr 60-90 with damage

Question 38

cdk3

Answer 38

gfr 30-60

Question 39

cdk4

Answer 39

gfr 15-30

Question 40

cdk5

Answer 40

gfr<15

Question 41

treat ckd

Answer 41

haemodialysis peritoneal dialysis transplant

Question 42

acei and arb cause

Answer 42

renal failure

Question 43

nsaids

Answer 43

reduce gfr

Question 44

epo declines in renal failure leading to

Answer 44

anaemia

Question 45

treat ckd anaemia

Answer 45

iv iron and im epo

Question 46

kimmelstiel Wilson

Answer 46

diabetes gln

Question 47

low albumin in urine

Answer 47

diabetic gln

Question 48

what is good in diabetic gln to reduce protein in urine

Answer 48

acei

Question 49

main cause of renal hypertension

Answer 49

renal artery stenosis

Question 50

what is contraindicated in bilateral ras

Answer 50

acei

Question 51

myeloma produces what which does what to the kidneys

Answer 51

bence jones protein which causes kidney problems

Question 52

treat hypercalcaemia in myeloma

Answer 52

nacl vol resus and iv pamidronate

Question 53

inheritance of pkd

Answer 53

aut dom

Question 54

what drug can reduce renal cyst volume

Answer 54

tolvaptan

Question 55

what is the main sign and cause of podocyte damage

Answer 55

non proliferative lesion leading to proteinuria

Question 56

definitive inv for gln

Answer 56

biopsy

Question 57

how do you test the renal biopsy in gln

Answer 57

immunofluorescence electron microscopy light microscopy

Question 58

focal gln

Answer 58

<50%

Question 59

diffuse

Answer 59

>50%

Question 60

control bp with … in gln

Answer 60

acei or arb

Question 61

treat gln

Answer 61

ivig plasmapheresis immunosuppression

Question 62

what is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 62

``` proteinuria hypoalbuminaemia oedema hypercholesterolaemia normal renal function ```

Question 63

treat nephrotic syndrome

Answer 63

fluid and salt restrict diuretic acei iv albumin if hypovolaemia

Question 64

what is nephritic syndrome

Answer 64

acute renal failure oliguria oedema haematuria

Question 65

gln in children

Answer 65

minimal change

Question 66

gln in adults

Answer 66

focal segmental gln

Question 67

gln in malignancy

Answer 67

membranous

Question 68

il13 associated with

Answer 68

minimal change -kids

Question 69

focal segmental associated with

Answer 69

hiv heroin obesity reflux nephropathy

Question 70

anti pla2r antibody

Answer 70

membranous nephropathy

Question 71

hsp associated with

Answer 71

iga nephropathy

Question 72

how do you calculate total body water

Answer 72

titrated water

Question 73

how do you calculated ecf water

Answer 73

inulin

Question 74

how do you calculate icf water

Answer 74

tbw - ecf

Question 75

why is inulin good for ecf

Answer 75

id neither absorbed nor excreted

Question 76

concentrated urine produced in the

Answer 76

juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 77

what cells secrete renin

Answer 77

granular cells

Question 78

where are the granular cells located

Answer 78

juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 79

what is the function of the macula densa

Answer 79

sense salt composition of the dct then release vasoconstrictive mediators causing reduced gfr

Question 80

plasma clearance = gfr in

Answer 80

inulin

Question 81

extrinsic control of bp

Answer 81

baroreceptors (sympathetic control)

Question 82

intrinsic control of bp

Answer 82

myogenic mechanism | tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 83

map eqn

Answer 83

(1/3 x (s-d)) + d

Question 84

what is secreted but not reabsorbed

Answer 84

H+

Question 85

glucose is

Answer 85

100% reabsorbed

Question 86

PAH

Answer 86

renal plasma flow

Question 87

what does the descending loop of henle do?

Answer 87

reabsorb water

Question 88

what does the ascending loop of henle do?

Answer 88

REABSORB NACL

Question 89

what does the proximal tubule reabsorb

Answer 89

sugar amino acid phosphate sucrose lactate

Question 90

what does the pt secrete

Answer 90

H+ bile uric acid

Question 91

what does the dt reabsorb

Answer 91

ca na k

Question 92

what does the dt secrete

Answer 92

H +