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Year 3 Exam Cue Cards > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

benign renal tumours

A

fibroma - medulla
adenoma - cortex
jgct
angiomyolipoma - seen in TS

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2
Q

malignant renal cancers

A

nephroblastoma - kids
transitional cell carcinoma - trigone
urothelial
renal cell carcinoma (eg clear cell)

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3
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma seen in the

A

peripheral zone

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4
Q

postate adenocarcinoma associated with what marker

A

psa

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5
Q

scoring for prostate cancer

A

gleason scoring

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6
Q

benign prostate enlagrment at what zone

A

transitional zone

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7
Q

seminoma associated with what marker

A

plap

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8
Q

pyelonephritis

A

E.coli

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9
Q

schistosomiasis

A

scc

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10
Q

hydronephroiss

A

dilation of the pelvicalyceal system with parenchymal atrophy

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11
Q

main causes of uti

A

ecoli klebsiella enterococcus proteus

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12
Q

diagnose uti

A

midstream sample
red top 24 hrs
white top 2hrs

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13
Q

treat uti

A

trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin

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14
Q

why not trimetgoprim in pregnancy

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis

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15
Q

why not nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

A

neonatal haemolysis

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16
Q

what bacteria associated with calculi

A

proteus

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17
Q

women of child bearing age

A

staph saphrophyticus (coag neg)

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18
Q

catheter

A

pseudomonas

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19
Q

treat pseudomonas uti

A

ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

hospitalised uti

A

gentamicin

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21
Q

complicated uti in gp

A

co amox or co trimox

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22
Q

complicated uti in hospital

A

amox and gent

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23
Q

ureteric colic

A

nsaid +/- morphine
alpha blocker
surgery if not passed on own within a month

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24
Q

paraphimosis

A

painful swelling of foreskin

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25
Q

priapism

A

prolongued erection lasting >4 hrs

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26
Q

treat ischaemic priapism

A

aspirate blood and alpha agonist

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27
Q

what are the 3 types of kidney failure

A

pre
renal
post

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28
Q

eg of prerenal failure

A

hypertension
hypovolaemia
haemorrhade
renal hypoperfuison

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29
Q

what drug can cause pre renal failure

A

nsaids

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30
Q

renal failure caises

A

tubular necrosis
gln
vasculitis
rhabdo

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31
Q

post renal causes

A

obstruction
uti
tumour
ext compression

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32
Q

specific gravity

A

urine conc

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33
Q

oliguria

A

<400ml

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34
Q

treat hyperkalaemia due to renal failure

A

calcium gluconate
salb neb
iv insulin
haemodialysis

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35
Q

normal gfr

A

125

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36
Q

ckd 1

A

gfr 90 with damage

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37
Q

cdk2

A

gfr 60-90 with damage

38
Q

cdk3

A

gfr 30-60

39
Q

cdk4

A

gfr 15-30

40
Q

cdk5

A

gfr<15

41
Q

treat ckd

A

haemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
transplant

42
Q

acei and arb cause

A

renal failure

43
Q

nsaids

A

reduce gfr

44
Q

epo declines in renal failure leading to

A

anaemia

45
Q

treat ckd anaemia

A

iv iron and im epo

46
Q

kimmelstiel Wilson

A

diabetes gln

47
Q

low albumin in urine

A

diabetic gln

48
Q

what is good in diabetic gln to reduce protein in urine

A

acei

49
Q

main cause of renal hypertension

A

renal artery stenosis

50
Q

what is contraindicated in bilateral ras

A

acei

51
Q

myeloma produces what which does what to the kidneys

A

bence jones protein which causes kidney problems

52
Q

treat hypercalcaemia in myeloma

A

nacl vol resus and iv pamidronate

53
Q

inheritance of pkd

A

aut dom

54
Q

what drug can reduce renal cyst volume

A

tolvaptan

55
Q

what is the main sign and cause of podocyte damage

A

non proliferative lesion leading to proteinuria

56
Q

definitive inv for gln

A

biopsy

57
Q

how do you test the renal biopsy in gln

A

immunofluorescence
electron microscopy
light microscopy

58
Q

focal gln

A

<50%

59
Q

diffuse

A

> 50%

60
Q

control bp with … in gln

A

acei or arb

61
Q

treat gln

A

ivig
plasmapheresis
immunosuppression

62
Q

what is nephrotic syndrome

A 
proteinuria 
hypoalbuminaemia 
oedema 
hypercholesterolaemia 
normal renal function
63
Q

treat nephrotic syndrome

A

fluid and salt restrict
diuretic
acei
iv albumin if hypovolaemia

64
Q

what is nephritic syndrome

A

acute renal failure
oliguria
oedema
haematuria

65
Q

gln in children

A

minimal change

66
Q

gln in adults

A

focal segmental gln

67
Q

gln in malignancy

A

membranous

68
Q

il13 associated with

A

minimal change -kids

69
Q

focal segmental associated with

A

hiv heroin obesity reflux nephropathy

70
Q

anti pla2r antibody

A

membranous nephropathy

71
Q

hsp associated with

A

iga nephropathy

72
Q

how do you calculate total body water

A

titrated water

73
Q

how do you calculated ecf water

A

inulin

74
Q

how do you calculate icf water

A

tbw - ecf

75
Q

why is inulin good for ecf

A

id neither absorbed nor excreted

76
Q

concentrated urine produced in the

A

juxtaglomerular nephrons

77
Q

what cells secrete renin

A

granular cells

78
Q

where are the granular cells located

A

juxtaglomerular nephrons

79
Q

what is the function of the macula densa

A

sense salt composition of the dct then release vasoconstrictive mediators causing reduced gfr

80
Q

plasma clearance = gfr in

A

inulin

81
Q

extrinsic control of bp

A

baroreceptors (sympathetic control)

82
Q

intrinsic control of bp

A

myogenic mechanism

tubuloglomerular feedback

83
Q

map eqn

A

(1/3 x (s-d)) + d

84
Q

what is secreted but not reabsorbed

A

H+

85
Q

glucose is

A

100% reabsorbed

86
Q

PAH

A

renal plasma flow

87
Q

what does the descending loop of henle do?

A

reabsorb water

88
Q

what does the ascending loop of henle do?

A

REABSORB NACL

89
Q

what does the proximal tubule reabsorb

A

sugar amino acid phosphate sucrose lactate

90
Q

what does the pt secrete

A

H+ bile uric acid

91
Q

what does the dt reabsorb

A

ca na k

92
Q

what does the dt secrete

A

H +

Year 3 Exam Cue Cards (21 decks)

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