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Year 3 Exam Cue Cards > GI/ LFTS/ HEP > Flashcards

GI/ LFTS/ HEP Flashcards

1
Q

what is budd chiari

A

hepatic vein obstruction causing ischaemia and hepatocyte damage

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2
Q

what is the main cancer of the biliary system

A

cholangiocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma)

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3
Q

treat chrons

A

steroids

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4
Q

what is cholelithiasis?

A

stones in the bile duct

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5
Q

treat psc

A

liver transplant

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6
Q

treat ischaemic colitis with

A

thrombolysis vasodilators surgery

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7
Q

what is cholecystitis

A

obstruction to flow out bile

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8
Q

FAP

A

>100 aut dom adenocarcinoma presents early

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9
Q

presence of surface antigen suggests what

A

acute or chronic infection may also be vaccine

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10
Q

diagnose cholelithiasis

A

US ERCP

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11
Q

treat infective colitis with

A

antimicrobials

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12
Q

gastroenteritis from shellfish

A

norovirus

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13
Q

what is pbc

A

chronic granulomatous inflammation of the bile ducts leading to cholestasis cirrhosis and portal hypertension

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14
Q

surface antigen and igg

A

chronic infection

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15
Q

HEP E

A

TROPICS FO

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16
Q

presence of surface antibody suggests

A

immunity - could be vaccine or previous infection

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17
Q

main cancer of the opesohagis

A

adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

what is psc

A

inflammation and strictures of the bile ducts

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19
Q

wilsons disease inheritance pattern

A

aut rec

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20
Q

gastroenteritis from milk

A

campylobactor

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21
Q

diagnose cholecystitis

A

US murpheys

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22
Q

treat coeliac disease

A

gluten free diet

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23
Q

biopsy of coeliac shows

A

villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia

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24
Q

HNPCC

A

<100 aut dom right sided presents late

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25
Q

what is wilsons disease

A

toxic accumulation of copper in the liver

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26
Q

what are oesophageal varices?

A

portal hypertension leading to dilated veins

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27
Q

what is hypertensive peristalsis

A

contractions above 180 mmhg

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28
Q

hep A

A

GAY PWID FO

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29
Q

what are th e4 types of liver disease

A

acute <6months chronic >6mths acute alcoholic hep NAFLD

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30
Q

virchows node

A

gastric carcinoma

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31
Q

treat h pylori

A

oac

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32
Q

treat UC

A

5ASA or steroids

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33
Q

treat pancreatitis

A

nbm fluids and analgesia may need a pancreatectomy

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34
Q

ASMA

A

autoimmune hep

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35
Q

diagnose h pylori

A

urease breath test

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36
Q

treat cholecytitis

A

NBM ERCP cholecystectomy

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37
Q

what are the two main types of colitis ?

A

infective - inflammation ischaemic - blockage

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38
Q

symptoms of pancreatitis

A

pain which is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

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39
Q

small bowel cancer seen in crohns or coeliac

A

carcinoma

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40
Q

HEP B

A

SEX MOTHER TO CHILD BLOOD PWID

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41
Q

treat cholelithiasis

A

urseodeoxycholic acid

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42
Q

what are the three types of surface antigens seen in hep b ?

A

surface antigen core antigen envelope antigen

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43
Q

diagnose gastroparesis

A

delayed gastric emptying on gastric emptying studies

44
Q

treat gastroparesis

A

gastric pacemaker domperidone metoclopramide

45
Q

prehepatic jaundice

A

unconjugated

46
Q

treat pbc

A

transplant

47
Q

surface antigen and igm

A

acute infection

48
Q

presence of core antigen suggests what

A

shows infection and not vaccine

49
Q

treat wilsons

A

copper chelation

50
Q

haem is converted to

A

iron and porphyrin

51
Q

ast alt

A

heoatocyte damage

52
Q

what are the layers of the gut wall

A

mucosa (epithelium ; lamina propria; muscularis mucosa) submucosa muscularis externa serosa or adventitia

53
Q

what do you measure after core antigen to see if the infection is acute or chronic

A

igm core antibody - acute igg core antibody - chronic

54
Q

short incubation gastroenteritis

A

1-6hrs s aureus or b cereus

55
Q

treat diverticulosis

A

hartmanns procedure

56
Q

causes of pancreatitis

A

gallstones ethanol trauma steroids mumps autoimmune scorpion bites high temp low lipids embolus drugs

57
Q

what is alpha one antitrypsin

A

emphysema chief genetic cause o liver disease

58
Q

treat ulcers

A

ppi h2ra stop nsiads resect tumour if Zollinger Ellison

59
Q

ggi

A

bile duct damage

60
Q

what can help relax the lower oesophageal sphincet

A

nitrates and ccbs

61
Q

pain relieved on defecation

A

diverticulitis

62
Q

small intestine cancer seen in appendix

A

carcinoid

63
Q

what is the main sign of pancreatitis

A

Cullens and turners sign (redness on abdo)

64
Q

treat oesophageal varices

A

terlipressin endoscopic banding ligation tips septrin

65
Q

what is gastroparesis?

A

delayed gastric emptying usually due to damage of the vagus nerve

66
Q

what antibody is positive in pbc

A

ama

67
Q

who gets psc

A

uc and men

68
Q

signet ring sign

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

69
Q

what is diverticulosis

A

outpucnings of the gut wall

70
Q

what is the buzzword for achalasia?

A

bird beak

71
Q

what id diffuse oesophageal spasm?

A

uncoordinated contractions

72
Q

what are the three types of bowel ischaemia

A

acute - thrombus chronic small bowel chronic large bowel = IMA

73
Q

what conjugates bilirubin

A

ugt

74
Q

bilirubin increased in decreased ,…… production

A

bile

75
Q

medium incubation gastroenteritis

A

12-48hrs salmonella or c perfinogens

76
Q

alp

A

bile duct damage

77
Q

gastroenteritis from undercooked hamburgers

A

E.coli

78
Q

autoantibodies in coeliac

A

alpha gliandin transglutaminase anti endomysial

79
Q

what is the main cause of cholangiocarcinoma ?

A

UC

80
Q

all antibodies are present but no surface antigen

A

immune - does not tell you whether previous infection or vaccine though

81
Q

post hepatic jaundice

A

conjugated

82
Q

UC affects the

A

colon

83
Q

what does the presence of envelope antigen tell you

A

actively replicating infection

84
Q

albumin

A

measure of protein synthesis of the liver

85
Q

what staging system is used for colorectal cancer

A

dukes

86
Q

HEP C WITH RNA PRESENT

A

ACTIVE

87
Q

viral dna shows

A

viral replication

88
Q

diagnose wilsons disease

A

urinary copper

89
Q

what is the buzzword for DOS?

A

corkscrew

90
Q

what is achalasia?

A

lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax

91
Q

what happens to the porphyrin produced by the rbc breakdown

A

biliverdin then unconj bilirubin

92
Q

diagnose pancreatitis

A

amylase

93
Q

what are the three main tumours of the small intestine

A

lymphoma carcinoid carcinoma

94
Q

diagnose ischaemia of the bowle

A

US angiograohy AXR

95
Q

diagnose Zollinger Ellison

A

increased serum gastrin level on fasting and off PPIs

96
Q

diagnose appendicitis

A

rosvigs sign and US

97
Q

chrohns affects the

A

full GI tract

98
Q

what is the buzzword for hypertensive peristalsis

A

nutcrackers

99
Q

treat ischaemia of the bowel

A

angiography and stent

100
Q

what are the main malignancies of the stomach

A

adecocarcinoma scc

101
Q

HEP D

A

ONLY OCCURS WITH HEP B

102
Q

what is seen on biopsy on psc

A

onion skinning fibrosis and beading of the bile ducts

103
Q

long incubation gastroenteritis

A

2-18 days campylobacter or ecoli

104
Q

diagnose colitis

A

plain XR

105
Q

treat oesophageal dysmotility

A

hellers cardiomyotomy and balloon dilation

Year 3 Exam Cue Cards (21 decks)

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