Herniations

Question 1

loss of consciousness then regain with declining status

Answer 1

extradural

Question 2

lens shaped on mri

Answer 2

extra dural

Question 3

other than the frontal lobe which lobe has a role in emotion

Answer 3

temporal

Question 4

main signs of anterior cord syndrome

Answer 4

paralysis and loss of pain and temp below level of injury with preserved proprioception and vibration

Question 5

main signs of central cord syndrome

Answer 5

acute extension injury bilateral UL weakness > lower limb weakness capelike spinothalamic loss dc preservation

Question 6

main sign of subfalcine herniation

Answer 6

weakness in lower extremities

Question 7

describe a central herniation of the brain stem

Answer 7

diencephalon and parts of the temporal lobe slip under the free edge of the tentorium

Question 8

what causes a tonsillar hernaition

Answer 8

post fossa lesion or a-c malformation

Question 9

midline cerebellar lesion

Answer 9

postural disturbance with preserved limb coordination

Question 10

where is an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 10

dura and bone

Question 11

which part of the frontal lobe has connections with the basal ganglia

Answer 11

prefrontal

Question 12

signs of uncal herniation

Answer 12

pupillary dilation down and out eye contralateral hemiparesis pca compression causing homonomous hemianopia with macula sparing

Question 13

headache and confusion

Answer 13

subdural

Question 14

motivation

Answer 14

cingulate

Question 15

what are the 3 main supratentorial herniations/

Answer 15

uncal subfalcine central

Question 16

where is a subdural haemorrhage

Answer 16

dura and arachinoid

Question 17

symptoms of tonsillar herniation

Answer 17

neck stiffness headache abn neck posture resp anomaly coma flaccid paralysis

Question 18

bilateral cerebellar lesion

Answer 18

dysarthria bilateral incoordination staggering wide based gait

Question 19

orbitofrontal

Answer 19

response to primitive stimuli (damage = disinhibition)

Question 20

which herniation herniates through fractures

Answer 20

transcalvarian

Question 21

what investigation do you NOT do if you suspect a herniation or raised icp ?

Answer 21

lp

Question 22

what is the main rupturing vessel in an extradural

Answer 22

middle meningeal

Question 23

unilateral cereberllar lesion

Answer 23

coordination disturbance intention tremor unsteady gait

Question 24

where is a subarachinoid haemorrhage

Answer 24

arachinoid and pia

Question 25

hypodense crescent shaped

Answer 25

subdural

Question 26

describe a subfalcine herniation

Answer 26

cingulate gyrus (innermost part of the frontal lobe) through falx cerebri

Question 27

what is an uncal herniation?

Answer 27

uncus (innermost part of the temporal lobe) herniates through the tentorium

Question 28

what is the main rupturing vessel in subarachinoid

Answer 28

aneurysm

Question 29

name and describe the main infratentorial herniation

Answer 29

tonsillar - cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum

Question 30

what is the main rupturing vessel in a subdural

Answer 30

cerebral bridging veins

Question 31

smell in what lobe

Answer 31

frontal

Question 32

IIP >

Answer 32

15

Question 33

treat herniations

Answer 33

give mannitol and treat cause

Question 34

urinary continence in what lobe

Answer 34

frontal

Question 35

central herniation signs

Answer 35

brain stem dysfunction sunset pupils dilated and fixed pupils