Herniations Flashcards

1
Q

loss of consciousness then regain with declining status

A

extradural

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2
Q

lens shaped on mri

A

extra dural

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3
Q

other than the frontal lobe which lobe has a role in emotion

A

temporal

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4
Q

main signs of anterior cord syndrome

A

paralysis and loss of pain and temp below level of injury with preserved proprioception and vibration

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5
Q

main signs of central cord syndrome

A

acute extension injury bilateral UL weakness > lower limb weakness capelike spinothalamic loss dc preservation

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6
Q

main sign of subfalcine herniation

A

weakness in lower extremities

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7
Q

describe a central herniation of the brain stem

A

diencephalon and parts of the temporal lobe slip under the free edge of the tentorium

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8
Q

what causes a tonsillar hernaition

A

post fossa lesion or a-c malformation

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9
Q

midline cerebellar lesion

A

postural disturbance with preserved limb coordination

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10
Q

where is an extradural haemorrhage

A

dura and bone

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11
Q

which part of the frontal lobe has connections with the basal ganglia

A

prefrontal

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12
Q

signs of uncal herniation

A

pupillary dilation down and out eye contralateral hemiparesis pca compression causing homonomous hemianopia with macula sparing

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13
Q

headache and confusion

A

subdural

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14
Q

motivation

A

cingulate

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15
Q

what are the 3 main supratentorial herniations/

A

uncal subfalcine central

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16
Q

where is a subdural haemorrhage

A

dura and arachinoid

17
Q

symptoms of tonsillar herniation

A

neck stiffness headache abn neck posture resp anomaly coma flaccid paralysis

18
Q

bilateral cerebellar lesion

A

dysarthria bilateral incoordination staggering wide based gait

19
Q

orbitofrontal

A

response to primitive stimuli (damage = disinhibition)

20
Q

which herniation herniates through fractures

A

transcalvarian

21
Q

what investigation do you NOT do if you suspect a herniation or raised icp ?

A

lp

22
Q

what is the main rupturing vessel in an extradural

A

middle meningeal

23
Q

unilateral cereberllar lesion

A

coordination disturbance intention tremor unsteady gait

24
Q

where is a subarachinoid haemorrhage

A

arachinoid and pia

25
Q

hypodense crescent shaped

A

subdural

26
Q

describe a subfalcine herniation

A

cingulate gyrus (innermost part of the frontal lobe) through falx cerebri

27
Q

what is an uncal herniation?

A

uncus (innermost part of the temporal lobe) herniates through the tentorium

28
Q

what is the main rupturing vessel in subarachinoid

A

aneurysm

29
Q

name and describe the main infratentorial herniation

A

tonsillar - cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum

30
Q

what is the main rupturing vessel in a subdural

A

cerebral bridging veins

31
Q

smell in what lobe

A

frontal

32
Q

IIP >

A

15

33
Q

treat herniations

A

give mannitol and treat cause

34
Q

urinary continence in what lobe

A

frontal

35
Q

central herniation signs

A

brain stem dysfunction sunset pupils dilated and fixed pupils