Renal Flashcards
What 6 functions do the kidneys have?
- Eliminate waste substances
- Salvage essential compounds
- Regulate ion levels
- Maintain stable osmolarity
- Regulate plasma volume
- Produce hormones
Are the kidneys lightly vascularised?
No, they are heavily vascularised.
How much cardiac output is received by the kidneys? (percentage)
25% of all cardiac output.
What percentage of plasma is converted to primitive urine?
20% of the plasma filtered through the kidneys.
After reabsorption, what percentage of the primitive urine remains and travels onto the bladder?
Just 1% remains to travel to the bladder and later be expelled from the body.
How long does it take for the entire circulatory volume to be filtered and reabsorbed?
30 minutes.
What 3 vessels are connected to a kidney?
Renal artery.
Renal vein.
Ureter.
On both gross and histological levels, are kidneys in the domestic animals similar or different?
Gross - very different.
Histologically - very similar.
Which is more cranial: right or left kidney?
Right kidney.
The renal artery is a short, direct branch of the aorta. What do you expect the pressure to be like in the renal artery?
The renal artery is under high pressure.
Where does the ureter connect?
Kidney to bladder.
Where does the urethra connect?
Bladder to genitals (allowing urine to exit the body).
What are the 3 gross sections of the kidney?
Pelvis, Medulla, Cortex.
Where does the renal artery stem from?
The aorta.
Where does the renal vein return to?
The caudal vena cava.
What is a renal pyramid?
The arrangements of tissue in the medulla.
What is a papilla?
The apex of the renal pyramid where the urine passes through to the pelvis.
What is the pelvis?
The end of the ureter that enters the kidney.
At what point can the composition of urine no longer be changed?
Once it enters the ureter (pelvis).
What is parenchyma? (Not solely a kidney term)
The functional tissue of an organ (as opposed to the structural tissue).
What is the functional unit called that makes up the kidney parenchyma?
Nephrons.
What is a nephron?
The part of the kidney that filters the plasma and produces urine.
Where is the Bowman’s capsule located?
The cortex.
Where is the proximal convoluted tubule located?
The cortex.
