Locomotion - Muscles Flashcards
Starting with the muscle belly, name the dividing units of the muscle in order. (5 units)
Muscle belly, fascicle, fibre, myofibril, sarcomeres.
What is the muscle belly?
The entirety of the muscle (and it’s sub units).
What is a fascicle?
A bundle of skeletal muscle fibres surrounded by perimysium (a type of connective tissue).
What is a muscle fibre?
A bundle of myofibrils surrounded by the sarcolemma.
What is the sarcolemma?
The cell membrane of a striated muscle fibre cell.
What is a sarcomere?
The individual contractile unit of muscle tissue.
What is considered to be a skeletal muscle cell?
1 muscle fibre.
What is a muscle cell called?
Myocyte.
Which type of muscle is voluntary?
Skeletal.
Which types of muscle is striated?
Skeletal and Cardiac.
Which type of muscle has multiple peripheral nuclei?
Skeletal.
Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?
Cardiac.
What is pennate muscle?
Muscle with a feather-like arrangement: central tendon and short fibres.
What is parallel muscle?
Muscle with fibres running parallel to the direction of pull of the muscle.
How are muscles and tendons normally arranged in the limbs?
Muscles are proximal on the limb and tendons are distal.
What is the main constituent of tendons?
Collagen.
What feature of tendons makes them slow to repair?
The fact that they are sparsely populated with cells.
What 5 roles does a tendon have?
- Minimising distal limb mass
- Join muscle to bone
- Elastic energy storage
- Energy conservation
- Power amplification
Give an example of a biological catapult.
Protraction of a horse’s forelimb during gallop.
