renal

Question 1

glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

inflammatory reaction in glomerulus

• antibodies lodge = scarring, bad filtering
• main cause: strep

acute can lead to chronic

Question 2

main cause of glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

strep

Question 3

s/s of renal failure

Answer 3

retain toxin:
malaise
headache
anorexia
nausea, vomiting

retain H2O:
decreased uop
weight gain

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

inflammatory response in the glomerulus = big holes = proteinuria = hypoalbuminemia = fluid out of vascular space into tissue = hypovolemia = kidneys try RAAS = anasarca

PS

• hyperlipidemia because liver trying to compensate by making more albumin which releases cholesterol, triglyercides
• blood clots (missing protein factors to prevent)

Question 5

anasarca

Answer 5

total body edema

Question 6

nephrotic syndrome tx

Answer 6

diuretics
- water out

ACE-I
- stop aldosterone

prednisone
- decrease inflammation (holes)

anti-lipemics

anti-coagulation therapy up to 6 months

dialysis

Question 7

pre-renal failure

Answer 7

blood can’t get to kidneys

think shock, hypotension

Question 8

intra-renal failure

Answer 8

damage has occurred within kidney

think dyes, drugs, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, DM, htn

Question 9

post-renal failure

Answer 9

urine can’t get out of kidneys

think enlarged prostate, kidney stone, tumors, edematous ileal conduit stoma

Question 10

renal failure electrolyte imbalances x3

Answer 10

hyperkalemia (think: lethal arrhythmias)
metabolic acidosis (can't filter out H+)
retained phosphorus --> serum Ca down --> Ca out of bones

Question 11

oliguric phase of renal failure

Answer 11

decreased uop (100 - 400mL/24 hours)
fluid volume excess, hyperkalemia

Question 12

diuretic phase of renal failure

Answer 12

sudden onset; increased uop

fluid volume deficit (shock!), hypokalemia

Question 13

thrill

Answer 13

palpate - cat purr sensation

Question 14

bruit

Answer 14

auscultate turbulent flow