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z Here you go, Alexis! > medsplosion > Flashcards

medsplosion Flashcards

1
Q

while on warfarin limit…

A

green leafy vegetables and foods high in vitamin K (antidote to coumadin)

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2
Q

antidote to coumadin

A

vitamin K

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3
Q

warfarin: class

A

anticoagulant

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4
Q

heparin: class

A

anticoagulant

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5
Q

enoxaparin: class

A

anticoagulant

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6
Q

if heparin and warfarin are being given together…

A

bridge therapy - heparin covers for anticoagulation while Coumadin is reaching therapeutic levels

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7
Q

furosemide: class

A

loop diuretic

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8
Q

hydrochlorothiazide: class

A

potassium-wasting diuretic

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9
Q

spironolactone: class

A

potassium-sparing diuretic

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10
Q

calcium gluconate for what + how

A

hypermagnesemia

reverses decreased RR and potential arrhythmias

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11
Q

calcitonin for what + how

A

hypercalcemia; decreases serum Ca by returning Ca to the bones
- typically used for osteoporosis

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12
Q

Kayexalate

A

sodium poylystyrene sulfonate

  • given for hyperkalemia
  • exchanges Na for K in GI tract = VOLUMINOUS DIARRHEA!
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13
Q

do not give beta blockers to… x2

A

asthmatics or diabetics

- block catecholamine sites (epi, NE)

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14
Q

amiodarone (Cordarone): class

A

anti-arrhythmic

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15
Q

amiodarone + thyroid

A

contains high levels of iodine and may affect thyroid function

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16
Q

prophythiouracil (PTU): class

A

anti-thyroid

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17
Q

methimazole (Tapazole): class

A

anti-thyroid

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18
Q

fludrocortisone (Florinef)

A

mineralocorticoid replacement - aldosterone

  • daily weights very important
  • given for addison’s disease
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19
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): class

A

anti-diabetic

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20
Q

metformin (Glucophage): class

A

anti-diabetic

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21
Q

pioglitazone (Actos): class

A

anti-diabetic

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22
Q

sitagliptin (Januvia): class

A

anti-diabetic

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23
Q

D50W

A

for unconscious diabetic in hospital

requires large bore IV

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24
Q

injectable glucagon (GlucaGen)

A

for unconscious diabetic in hospital with no IV access

given IM

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25
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) given for

A

angina

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26
Q

beta blockers given for

A

angina prevention

hyperthyroidism (decrease HR, BP, anxiety)

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27
Q

Ca channel blockers given for

A

angina prevention

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28
Q

epinephrine class

A

vasopressor

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29
Q

streptokinase (Streptase) class

A

fibrinolytic

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30
Q

alteplase (t-PA) class

A

fibrinolytic

and other -ase drugs

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31
Q

acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) class

A

anti-platelet

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32
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) class

A

anti-platelet

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33
Q

abciximab (ReoPro IV) class

A

anti-platelet

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34
Q

eptifibatide (Integrilin IV)

A

anti-platelet

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35
Q

oxytocin/Pitocin

A

used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage

also augment contractions

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36
Q

methylergonovine maleate/Methergine

A

used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage

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37
Q

carboprost tromethamine/Hemabate

A

used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage

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38
Q

phytonadione/Aquamephyton

A

Vitamin K - given to newborns to promote formation of clotting factors

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39
Q

Rho(D) immunoglobulin/RhoGAM

A

given to Rh- mom before she develops Rh antibodies in response to Rh+ baby

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40
Q

methotrexate

A

given to mom experiencing ectopic pregnancy to stop growth of embryo to save fallopian tube

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41
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

anticonvulsant, sedative, vasodilator drug of choice given for preeclampsia

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42
Q

drug of choice for heart failure

A

ACE inhibitor

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43
Q

potassium increasing agents (mnemonic)

A 
K sparing diuretic
B eta blocker
A CE inhibitor
N SAID
K supplement
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44
Q

sulfa drugs aka

A

sulfonamides

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45
Q

diuretics that should only be given with adequate renal perfusion

A

thiazides!

46
Q

diuretic okay to give with low renal perfusion

47
Q

potassium sparing diuretics x2

A

spironolactone

triamterene

48
Q

triamterene: class

A

potassium sparing diuretic

49
Q

side effect

A

physiological effect unrelated to intended effect - usually not life threatening

measures can be taken to eliminate or alleviate; associate with nursing interventions!

50
Q

adverse effect

A

more severe than side effect - can range from mild to severe; always undesired

always report to provider!!

51
Q

toxic effect

A

medication exceeds therapeutic level due to

  • overdosing
  • accumulation

most often identified by monitoring blood level (think: therapeutic range)
monitor for specific s/s toxicity

always report to provider!!

52
Q

ACE inhibitors

for, last name

A

hypertension, heart failure

- pril

53
Q

anti-lipemic

for, last name

A

lower cholesterol and triglyceride

- statin

54
Q

anti-viral

for, last name

A

viral infections including HIV

- vir

55
Q

benzos

for, last name

A

anxiolytic, sedative hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant
- pam

56
Q

beta blockers

for, last name

A

hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias

- lol

57
Q

ca channel blockers

for, last name, exceptions x2

A

hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias

  • pine
    exceptions: diltiazem, verapamil
58
Q

diltiazem: class

A

ca channel blocker

59
Q

verapamil: class

A

ca channel blocker

60
Q

glucocorticoids, corticosteroids

for, last name

A

alter normal immune response, suppress inflammation, replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency, various others

  • sone
61
Q

h2 antagonists

for, last name

A

suppress secretion of gastric acid, alleviate heartburn, prevent ulcers, treat GERD

  • dine (ranitidine, famotidine)
62
Q

nitrates

for, name

A

vasodilation, reduce angina

nitr -

63
Q

proton pump inhibitors

for, last name

A

suppress gastric acid secretion, treat ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

  • zole
64
Q

sulfonamides

for, name

A

suppress bacterial growth, treat infections

sulf -

65
Q

thiazide diuretics

for, last name

A

hypertension, peripheral edema

  • zide
66
Q

thrombolytic

for, last name

A

dissolve clots

  • ase
67
Q

thyroid hormones

for, name

A

replacement therapy, hypothyroidism

thy -

68
Q

bronchodilators

A

respiratory disorders causing bronchoconstriction (asthma, bronchospasm, COPD, emphysema)

  • line
69
Q

populations at greater risk for toxicity x2

A

older adult, neonate

70
Q

do not administer meds with x2

A

antacids

grapefruit juice

71
Q

withholding med is only okay if…

A

nurse suspects adverse or toxic effect

- immediately contact physician for ae or toxicity!

72
Q

antidote: digoxin

73
Q

antidote: coumadin

A

vitamin K

keep PT and INR @ 1-1.5x normal

74
Q

antidote: benzos

A

flumenazil

75
Q

antidote: mag sulfate

A

calcium gluconate

- reverses decreased RR and potential arrhythmias

76
Q

antidote: heparin

A

protamine sulfate

- keep aPTT and PTT @ 1.5 - 2.5x normal

77
Q

antidote: tylenol

A

mucomyst

protective for liver, kidneys, lungs

78
Q

antidote: opiates

A

narcan

this includes narcotic analgesics, heroin, morphine

79
Q

antidote: cholinergic meds (myasthenic bradycardia)

80
Q

antidote: methotrexate

A

leucovorin

81
Q

drug of choice for pinworms

A

mebendazole

82
Q

dobutamine

A

inotrope, vasopressor

83
Q

levophed

A

inotrope, vasopressor

84
Q

antidote: narcotic

A

naloxone
rapid onset, duration 3-5 hours
reverses respiratory depression

85
Q

treatment for alcohol abuse

A

disulfiram

reacts with alcohol to cause flushing, headache, vomiting, palpitations, hypotension

86
Q

treatment: drug abuse

A

methadone

narcotic analgesic used to detox addicts

87
Q

epinephrine uses x3

A

asthma
anaphylactic reaction
cardiac arrest

88
Q

antidote: nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

A

neostigmine (prostigmin): cholinergic agonist

also treats myasthenia gravis

89
Q

chlorpromazine (Thorazine): class

A

anti-psychotic

90
Q

thioridazine (Mellaril): class

A

anti-psychotic

91
Q

fluphenazine (Prolixin): class

A

anti-psychotic

92
Q

haloperidol (Haldol): class

A

anti-psychotic

93
Q

clozapine (Clozaril): class

A

anti-psychotic

94
Q

risperidone (Risperdal): class

A

anti-psychotic

95
Q

trihexyphenidyl (Artane): class

A

antiparkinsonian

96
Q

benzatropine (Cogentin): class

A

anticholinergic, antiparkinsonian

97
Q

antidote: acute alcohol withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide (Librium) antianxiolytic

98
Q

amitriptyline: class

A

antidepressant

99
Q

furosemide: moa

A

loop diuretic; inhibits Na, Cal reabsorption at proximal and distal tubules and ascending loop of Henle

100
Q

heparin: moa

A

anticoagulant; inactivates thrombin and prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

101
Q

heparin: side effects

A

hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
hypersensitivity

nursing: check PTT to monitor effect (1.5-2x good), SQ, never piggy back

102
Q

drug of choice for a fib, a flutter

103
Q

warfarin: moa

A

long acting anticoagulant; inhibits vitamin k-dependent clotting factors

104
Q

proton pump inhibitor moa

A

decrease acid secretions

105
Q

ranitidine class

A

H2 antagonist

106
Q

famotidine

A

H2 anagonist

107
Q

phenothiazines: examples & uses

A

-azines (chlorpromzine, fluphenazine)

psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, tourette’s

108
Q

ace inhibitors: moa

A

suppress RAAS - stop angiotensin I to II

results in arterial dilation, increased SV

109
Q

arbs: moa

A

block angiotensin II receptors

decrease in arterial resistance, BP

110
Q

ace i and arb moa in common

A

block aldosterone = lose Na/H20, retain K+

111
Q

digitalis (digoxin, lanoxin): moa

A

for sinus rhythm or a fib + chronic HF
positive inotrope, negative chronotrope

competes with K+ binding sites

high risk drug toxicity

112
Q

terbutaline (brethine)

z Here you go, Alexis! (23 decks)

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