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z Here you go, Alexis! > acid/base > Flashcards

acid/base Flashcards

1
Q

lung chemicals

A

CO2 - acid

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2
Q

kidney chemicals

A

H - acid

HCO3 - base

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3
Q

how long does it take kidneys to compensate?

A

hours to days, but efficiently

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4
Q

how long does it take lungs to compensate?

A

occurs quickly, but less efficiently than kidneys

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5
Q

respiratory acidosis

problem organ

A

lung

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6
Q

respiratory acidosis

problem chemical

A

too much CO2 (acid)

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7
Q

respiratory acidosis

hypoventilating or hyperventilating?

A

hypoventilating

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8
Q

respiratory acidosis

compensatory organ

A

kidneys

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9
Q

respiratory acidosis

how will compensating organ work?

A

kidneys
excrete H
retain HCO3

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10
Q

respiratory acidosis

pH high or low?

A

low

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11
Q

respiratory acidosis

cause + how

A

CO2 retention

  • mid-abdominal incision
  • narcotics (decreased…
  • sleeping pills …RR)
  • pneumothorax (lungs can’t…
  • collapsed lung …expand/contract properly)
  • pneumonia (improper gas exchange(
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12
Q

respiratory acidosis

s/s

A

headache, confused, sleepy
if not corrected, coma
s/s hypoxia

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13
Q

early s/s of hypoxia

A

restlessness & tachycardia

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14
Q

respiratory acidosis

tx

A

fix the breathing problem!

- treat pneumonia, postural drainage, percussion, deep breathing, suctioning, fluids, elevate HOB, IS, chest tubes

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15
Q

respiratory alkalosis

problem organ

A

lungs

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16
Q

respiratory alkalosis

compensatory organ

A

kidneys

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17
Q

respiratory alkalosis

problem chemical

A

not enough CO2 (acid)

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18
Q

respiratory alkalosis

how will compensatory organ work?

A

kidneys;
retain H
excrete HCO3

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19
Q

respiratory alkalosis

gaining or losing CO2?

A

losing

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20
Q

respiratory alkalosis

hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

A

hyperventilating

21
Q

respiratory alkalosis

cause + how

A

insufficient CO2 (hyperventilating)

  • hysterical
  • acute aspirin overdose
22
Q

acute aspirin overdose (results in what acid/base issue and why?)

A

respiratory alkalosis

- triggers respiratory center in brain resulting in hyperventilation

23
Q

respiratory alkalosis

s/s

A

cerebral vasoconstriction

  • lightheaded
  • faint
  • peri-oral numbness

numbness/tingling in fingers and toes

24
Q

respiratory alkalosis

tx

A

DO NOT WAIT UNTIL KIDNEYS KICK IN

  • breathe into paper bag
  • sedate client to decrease RR
  • treat cause
  • monitor ABG
25
Q

respiratory acidosis OR alkalosis, the problem is…

A

CO2 (acid)

26
Q

restlessness = think

A

hypoxia first!`

27
Q

metabolic acidosis

problem organ

A

kidneys

28
Q

metabolic acidosis

compensatory organ

A

lungs

29
Q

metabolic acidosis

how compensatory organ works

A

respiratory rate will increase to blow off CO2 (acid)

30
Q

metabolic acidosis

problem chemicals

A

retaining H+

does not have enough bicarb

31
Q

metabolic acidosis

pH low or high?

A

low

32
Q

metabolic acidosis

causes + how x4

A

DKA
starvation
- cells starving for glucose = breakdown of protein, fat = ketones = acids

renal failure 
severe diarrhea (base in lower GI tract lost)
33
Q

metabolic acidosis

s/s

A

depends on the cause

  • hyperkalemia
  • increased respiratory rate
34
Q

metabolic acidosis

s/s hyperkalemia

A

muscle twitching, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmias

35
Q

metabolic acidosis

tx

A

treat the cause (insulin, eat, anti-diarrhea)

36
Q

metabolic acidosis

helpful drug + action

A

IV push Na bicarb - won’t fix problem, buys time to correct real problem

37
Q

metabolic alkalosis

problem organ

A

kidneys

38
Q

metabolic alkalosis

compensatory organ

A

lungs

39
Q

metabolic alkalosis

compensatory organ works how

A

decrease RR to retain CO2

40
Q

metabolic alkalosis

problem chemicals

A

retaining HCO3

excreting H

41
Q

metabolic alkalosis

pH high or low?

A

high

42
Q

metabolic alkalosis

causes

A

loss of upper GI contents (ng tube, vomit)
too many antacids
too much IV bicarb

43
Q

metabolic alkalosis

s/s

A

depends on cause!

  • alterations in LOC
  • decreased serum K
  • monitor for muscle cramps and life threatening arrhythmia
44
Q

metabolic alkalosis

tx

A

fix the problem

replace K+

45
Q

metabolic alkalosis + K

A

hypokalemia

46
Q

metabolic acidosis + K

A

hyperkalemia

47
Q

ABG: compensated

A

pH normal
pCO2 wack
pHCO3 wack

48
Q

ABG: uncompensated

A

pH wack
pCO2 normal
pHCO3 normal

49
Q

ABG: partially compensated

A

pH wack
pCO2 wack
pHCO3 wack

z Here you go, Alexis! (23 decks)

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