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z Here you go, Alexis! > oncology > Flashcards

oncology Flashcards

1
Q

blom-singer device

A

used for laryngectomy (vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage removed) which is a laryngeal cancer treatment

connection between trachea and esophagus - stick plastic/finger in fistula and air diverted from trachea to esophagus and out of mouth

  • breathe out of neck
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2
Q

most frequent mets for colorectal cancer

A

liver

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3
Q

definitive test for colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy

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4
Q

fecal occult blood testing should begin when?

A

50

colorectal cancer

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5
Q

flexible sigmoidoscopy when?

A

every 5 years after age 50

colorectal cancer

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6
Q

colonoscopy when?

A

every 10 years after age 50

colorectal cancer

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7
Q

colectomy

A

part of colon removed

colorectal cancer

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8
Q

abdominoperineal resection

A

removal of colon, anus, rectum

colorectal cancer

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9
Q

greatest risk factor for bladder cancer

A

smoking - nicotine irritates lining

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10
Q

ileal conduit

A

piece of ileum turned into a bladder, ureters placed on one end, other end is brought to abdominal surface as stoma

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11
Q

major symptom of bladder cancer

A

painless intermittent gross/microscopic hematuria

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12
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia s/s

A

hesitancy, frequency, frequent infection (bladder not completely emptied), nocturia, urgency, dribbling

  • many men are asymptomatic
  • men with prostate cancer present this way
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13
Q

most common sign of prostate cancer

A

painless hematuria

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14
Q

diagnostic lab for prostate cancer & when

A

PSA, less than 4 ng/mL

with 2+ 1st degree relatives who had prostate cancer, start testing at age 45

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15
Q

radical prostatectomy

A

take out prostate = removal of cancer (localized prostate cancer)

may have ED due to pudendal nerve damage, incontinence

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16
Q

most popular prostatic surgery in the S

A

TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate

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17
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate - for BPH (helps urine flow) and prostate cancer (not a cure)

  • symptomatic relief of sx
  • allows urine to flow out

no incision, bleeding normal after surgery, continuous bladder irrigation to maintain patency and flush out clots

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18
Q

bacterium associated with stomach cancer

A

H Pylori

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19
Q

higher instance of stomach cancer in people with x2

A

pernicious anemia

achlorhydria

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20
Q

female: self-breast exam over age 20 frequency

A

monthly

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21
Q

women
clinical breast exam
- over age 40 frequency
- age 20-39 frequency

A

yearly

every 3 years

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22
Q

pelvic exam and pap smears: frequency

A

annually

every 3 years with no problem

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23
Q

women

mammogram frequency and at what age?

A

yearly starting at age 40

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24
Q

men and women!

colonoscopy: when and frequency

A

every 10 years starting at age 50

25
Q

men: self-breast exam frequency

A

monthly

26
Q

testicular exams when?

A

monthly - tumors grow rapidly

27
Q

digital rectal exam and PSA: age and frequency

A

for men over age 50, yearly

28
Q

brachytherapy

A

internal radiation - radioactive source is inside the client

sealed vs unsealed

29
Q

unsealed brachytherapy

A

client and body fluid emit radiation for 24-48 hours

given IV or PO

30
Q

sealed brachytherapy

A

client emits radiation, body fluids not radioactive

implanted close to/in tumor - does emit radiation to general environment

31
Q

teleptherapy

A

external radiation/beam therapy

32
Q

don’t forget that clients with brachytherapy are…

A

IMMUNOSUPPRESSED!

33
Q

if brachytherapy implant becomes dislodged do what?

A
  • put on gloves
  • use forceps/tongs to pick up
  • place in lead-lined container
  • call environmental services
34
Q

chemotherapy basics

A

works on cell cycle
usually scheduled q3-4 weeks
most drugs given IV via port, absorb through skin and mucus membranes

35
Q

vesicant chemo

A

type that will cause tissue necrosis upon extravasation

36
Q

if chemo extravasation think

A

VASOCONSTRICTION: cold - prevent spread

37
Q

for chemo patients, slight increase in temp may mean

A

SEPSIS! can just be low grade!

38
Q

most important lab value for chemo patients

A

absolute neutrophil count

39
Q

risk factors for cervical cancer

A 
#1: HPV
multiple sexual partner, repeated STD, smoking/exposure to second hand smoke, dietary factors, prolonged hormonal therapy, family history, immunosuppression, sex and/or first pregnancy at young age, multiple pregnancies
40
Q

test to diagnose cervical cancer

A

pap smear

41
Q

conization

A

remove part of cervix

cervical cancer

42
Q

uterine cancer risk factors

A 
50+ 
estrogen therapy without progesterone
family hx
late menopause 
no pregnancy (infertility increases risk)
43
Q

major symptom of uterine cancer

A

post-menopausalbleeding

44
Q

uterine cancer aka

A

endometrial cancer

45
Q

CA-125 blood test

A

rules out ovarian involvement with uterine cancer

46
Q

most definitive diagnostic test for uterine cancer

A

D&C and endometrial biopsy

47
Q

total abdominal hysterectomy

A

uterus and cervix removed

48
Q

oophorectomy

A

ovaries removed

49
Q

salpingectomy

A

fallopian tubes removed

50
Q

why do you avoid high fowler’s position in post-hysterectomy client?

A

blood goes to pelvis

51
Q

breast cancer risk increases 3 fold if

A

1st degree relative had pre-menopausal breast cancer

52
Q

breast cancer risk factors

A

high dose radiation to thorax before age 20, period before age 12, menopause after age 50, no pregnancy, first birth greater than 30 years old

53
Q

48% of breast tumors occur here

A

Tail of Spence (upper outer quadrant by axilla)

54
Q

breast tumors depend on what hormone?

A

estrogen

55
Q

leading cause of cancer death worldwide

A

lung

56
Q

lobectomy

A

take out part of lung

- chest tubes, surgical side up

57
Q

pneumonectomy

A

whole lung taken out

  • position on affected side (surgical side down, good lung up)
  • no chest tubes (no pleural space)
  • avoid severe lateral positioning to avoid mediastinal shift
58
Q

surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer

A

total laryngectomy (removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid, cartilage) + permanent tracheostomy (stoma in neck not oropharynx)

z Here you go, Alexis! (23 decks)

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