Renal

Question 1

long term causes of Chronic kidney disease

Answer 1

• Diabetes
  Hyperglycaemia causes inflammation and cell destruction in both the kidney cells
• Hypertension
  Consistent high blood pressure constricts the blood vessels, leading to ischemia
• Acute Kidney Injury that did not resolve properly

Question 2

Chronic kidney disease symptoms

Answer 2

• nausea and vomiting
• anorexia
• diarrhoea
• weight loss
• oedema

Question 3

what is acute renal failure and causes of it

Answer 3

• The sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete waste material and concentrate urine.
• inadequate perfusion, kidney disease or urinary tract obstruction.

Question 4

what is chronic renal failure

Answer 4

• result of longstanding kidney disease or an anomaly

Question 5

symptoms of Acute renal failure + nursing management

Answer 5

• Oliguria (low urine output)
• nausea
• vomiting
• drowsiness
• underlying cause needs to be treated.
• The complications of renal failure need to be treated
• provision of supportive therapy needs to occur.

Question 6

symptoms of chronic renal failure + nursing management

Answer 6

• loss of normal energy,
• increased fatigue
  As the disease progresses
• decreased appetite,
• headache, nausea,
• muscle cramps
• promote maximum renal function, - maintain body fluid and electrolyte balance,
  -treat systemic complications,
• promote an active and normal life as much as possible for as long as possible.

Question 7

Dialysis key points

Answer 7

• Blood is removed from the patient and passed across a semipermeable dialysing membrane
• Wastes diffuse down their concentration gradient into the dialysing solution
• In order to prevent useful substances being lost from the body e.g. glucose and calcium ions, they can be added to the dialysing fluid so that there is no gradient for diffusion out of the blood