obstetrics

Question 1

Post-partum haemorrhage minor and major blood loss amount

Answer 1

1. minor = more than 500ml
2. major = more than 1000ml

Question 2

risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage before and after birth

Answer 2

Before birth:
- carrying twins/triplets,
-previous PPH,
- BMI>35,
- anaemia
During and immediately after birth: -delivery by caesarean
- induction of labour
- long labour,
- large baby (more than 4kg)
- fever during labour,

Question 3

Potential risk factors for developing gestational diabetes

Answer 3

• obesity
• old age
• history of unexplained stillbirth or miscarriage

Question 4

gestational diabetes adverse outcomes

Answer 4

• Pregnancy associated hypertension * 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears
• Caesarean section
• Preterm labour

Question 5

Hypertension in pregnancy markers in blood pressure

Answer 5

diastolic = over 90
systolic = over 140

Question 6

Gestational Hypertension vs chronic hypertension

Answer 6

Gestational Hypertension=
* New onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation
* No signs of pre-eclampsia
Chronic Hypertension =
* Onset of hypertension prior to pregnancy

Question 7

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) symptoms pregnancy

Answer 7

• swelling
• leg pain
• abdominal pain

Question 8

Pulmonary embolism symptoms

Answer 8

-dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
- chest pain
- low grade fever
- blood in sputum
- collapse

Question 9

what is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 9

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that establishes in an abnormal position.

Question 10

what risks occur after an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 10

• haemorrhage
• significant blood loss
• shock

Question 11

what is chorionic villus sampling and when is it done

Answer 11

checks cells from the placenta to see if they have a chromosomal abnormality (such as Down syndrome)
- weeks 10 to 13 in a woman’s pregnancy

Question 12

what vaccines should be given during pregnancy

Answer 12

• influenza (any stage of pregnancy)
• whooping cough (beginning of second trimester)