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Knowledge Exam > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

1
Q

what does Pa02/P02 measure + meaning if it is under 60mmHg

A
  • measures amount of oxygen dissolved in blood
  • tissue hypoxia
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2
Q

what does Sa02/S02 refers to

A
  • number of haemoglobin binding sites that have oxygen attached
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3
Q

what is PaCO2 / PCO2 and is CO2 an acid or bas

A
  • measures arterial blood levels
  • acid
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4
Q

what is HC03 and is it an acid or base

A
  • measures bicarbonate content of blood
  • base
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5
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis + reason behind it

A
  • hypoventilation
    = CO2 build up due to not removing it = drop in PH levels
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6
Q

6 steps to analysis ABG - Case 1 (use normal range sheet)
Normal ranges
pH - 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - 35-45
PaO2 - 70-100
SaO2 - 93-98%
HCO3 - 22-26

Results
PaO2 80 mmHg
SaO2 95%
pH 7.30
PaCO2 55 mmHg
HCO3 24 mEq/L

A
  1. Evaluate oxygenation – PaO2 and SaO2
  2. Evaluate the pH – is it normal, acidotic, or alkalotic?
  3. Evaluate the PaCO2 – is it normal, low (alkalosis), or high (acidosis)?
  4. Evaluate the HCO3 – is it normal, low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis)?
  5. Match the PaCO2 or HCO3 with the pH
  6. Assess for compensation (has the other value changed? Has the pH returned to normal?) – complete, partial, or uncompensated?
  7. acidotic
  8. acidosis
  9. normal
  10. resp acidosis
  11. without compensation
    = respiratory acidosis no compensation
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7
Q

Case study 2 ABG
Normal ranges
pH - 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - 35-45
PaO2 - 70-100
SaO2 - 93-98%
HCO3 - 22-26

Results
PaO2 100 mmHg
SaO2 98%
pH 7.57
PaCO2 26 mmHg
HCO3 24 mEq/L

A
  1. Evaluate oxygenation – PaO2 and SaO2
  2. Evaluate the pH – is it normal, acidotic, or alkalotic?
  3. Evaluate the PaCO2 – is it normal, low (alkalosis), or high (acidosis)?
  4. Evaluate the HCO3 – is it normal, low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis)?
  5. Match the PaCO2 or HCO3 with the pH
  6. Assess for compensation (has the other value changed? Has the pH returned to normal?) – complete, partial, or uncompensated?
  7. Both normal
  8. high = Alkalosis
  9. low = alkalosis
  10. normal
  11. PaCO2 low and PH high = Resp alkalosis
  12. = without compensation
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8
Q

Case 3 – Asthma Exacerbation Results
Normal ranges
pH - 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - 35-45
PaO2 - 70-100
SaO2 - 93-98%
HCO3 - 22-26

Results
PaO2 70 mmHg
SaO2 95%
pH 7.25
PaCO2 69 mmHg
HCO3 24 mEq/L

A
  1. Evaluate oxygenation – PaO2 and SaO2
  2. Evaluate the pH – is it normal, acidotic, or alkalotic?
  3. Evaluate the PaCO2 – is it normal, low (alkalosis), or high (acidosis)?
  4. Evaluate the HCO3 – is it normal, low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis)?
  5. Match the PaCO2 or HCO3 with the pH
  6. Assess for compensation (has the other value changed? Has the pH returned to normal?) – complete, partial, or uncompensated?
  7. Normal
  8. low = acidosis
  9. high = acidosis
  10. normal
  11. both acidosis = resp acidosis
  12. without compensation??
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9
Q

https://moodle.op.ac.nz/pluginfile.php/1408160/mod_folder/content/0/ABG%20for%20Nurses.pdf?forcedownload=1
other case studies

A
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10
Q

How does respiratory acidosis compensate for co2 build up

A
  • kidneys compensate by increase HC03 (bicarb)
    = increase PH
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11
Q

how to differentiate between acute and chronic respiratory acidosis

A
  • Ph below 7.35 = acute
  • Ph normal = chronic
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12
Q

nursing management for respiratory acidosis

A
  • Monitor vitals
  • bronchodilators/antibiotics
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13
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis + reason behind it

A

hyperventilation = too little CO2 in body due to too much being excreted
= increase PH

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14
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis

A
  • decreases HCO3 intake
    = decrease PH
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15
Q

treatment for resp alkalosis

A
  • monitor vitals
  • monitor ABG
  • Calm patient
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16
Q

reason by metabolic acidosis and how does body compensate

A
  • too much H+ intake
  • increase HCO3 intake (bicarb)
17
Q

Management for metabolic acidosis

A
  • monitor vitals
  • start IV line
18
Q

Reason for Metabolic alkalosis and reason behind it

A
  • vomiting
  • decrease H+ production from GI tract
    = increase PH
19
Q

How does metabolic alkalosis compensate

A
  • increase CO2
20
Q

Does resp acidosis cause an increase or decrease in PCO2, PH and HCO3

A
  • increase PCO2;
  • pH is decreased
  • HCO3 increase
21
Q

Does resp alkalosis cause an increase or decrease in PCO2, PH and HCO3

A
  • decrease PCO2
  • pH increased
  • HCO3 decreased

Knowledge Exam (24 decks)

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