Renal

Question 1

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What is the gold standard investigation for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 1

• 24-hour urine collection for protein:creatinine ratio

A spot test for Protein:creatinine ratio gives reasonable confirmation but the 24hr collection is gold standard.

Question 2

Which is the most common renal tumour in children? How does it usually present?

Answer 2

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour).
Unilateral flank mass and systemic hypertension.