Renal

Question 1

Rhabdomyolysis Lab results

Answer 1

Metabolic acidosis
hyperK+
hypoCa2+: myoglobin binds to calcium
hyperPOC3: released from myocyte
high CK level : x5 time upper limit of normal

Question 2

Rhabdomyolysis mx

Answer 2

ivi
urinary alkalinisation sometimes used

Question 3

nephrotic syndrome TRIAD

Answer 3

proteinuria 1g/m2 per 24 hrs, hypoalbuminaemia <25g/L, oedema

Question 4

commonest nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 4

Minimal change disease

Question 5

What does hypokalaemia predispose

Answer 5

Digoxin toxicity

Question 6

Max infusion rate hypokalaemia

Answer 6

Rate of infusion should not exceed 2pm of/hr

Question 7

CKD stages

Answer 7

1. > 90ml/min eg for with some signs of kidney damage on other tests
2. 60-90ml/min with some signs of kidney disease
   3a. 45-59ml.min mod reduction
   3b. 30-44ml/min
3. 15-29.
4. < 15ml/min established kidney failure

Question 8

CKD HTN and other mx

Answer 8

Diet: low protein, phosphate, sodium, potassium diet

HTN: ACE inhibitor helpful. Acceptable decrease in egfr 25% and increase Cr 30%. Furosemide other anti-HTN

Increased risk of IHD
DCM can occur due to hyperuraecaemia

Question 9

Absolute criteria of AKI

Answer 9

Increase in creatinine >25umol/l in 48hrs
>50% rise in creatinine over 7d or
Decrease in UO <0.5ml/kg/hr for >6hours or
>25% fall in eGfR in children/ young adults in 7 days