Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ID/LC Step Review > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sporadic renal cell carcinoma gene deletion

A

Deletion of VHL gene on chromosome 3p

Associated w/ von Hippel Lindau disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Von Hippel-Lindau

A

AD

Deletion/mutation of VHL on 3p

  • Cerebellar hemangioblastomas
  • Clear cell renal carcinomas
  • Pheochromocytomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of lowest pH in the nephron

A

Distal tubules

Collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome

A
  • Occurs when tumors w/ high cell turnover are treated w/ chemo
  • Lysed tumor cells release intracellular ions (K, PO4, uric acid) into serum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complications associated w/ tumor lysis syndrome

A

Uric acid crystallization => obstructive uropathy & acute renal failure

Why??
Because uric acid has pKa of 5.4 and precipitates in low pHs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prevention of tumor lysis syndrome

A
  • Urine alkalinization
  • Hydration
  • High urine flow
  • High pH

Prevents crystallization and precipitation of uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indwelling catheter UTI

(-) lactose, g(-) rod, (+) oxidase

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Abs react w/ what?

A

Type IV collagen

Leads to RPGN, also pulm hemorrhage (hematuria and hemoptysis)

THINK CRESCENTS on LM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Post-strep GN leads to what on EM?

A

Subepithelial immune complex deposition!

Composed of IgG, IgM, and C3

THINK HUMPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which area of the nephron is ALWAYS impermeable to water? Regardless of vasopressin levels

A

Ascending loop of henle

Where Na/K/2Cl transport occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cancers of people who smoked or with occupation exposure to rubber, plastics, aromatic amine-containing dyes, textiles, leather

A

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which structure obstructs ascent of a horseshoe kidney?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

Kidney is fused at the poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronic transplant rejection cause

A

Chronic, low grade immune response refractory to immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic transplant rejection morphology

A
  • Vascular wall thickening & luminal narrowing
  • Interstitial fibrosis & parenchyma atrophy

Presents w/ worsening HTN, progressive ^ serum Cr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Renal failure + pulm/upper resp sx…?

A

Think Wegener’s vasculitis

p-ANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pauci-immune RPGN, ANCA, (-) Ig/complement deposition, crescent formation

A

Microscopic polyangiitis or Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Left 12th rib overlies which internal organs

A

Medially:
Parietal pleura

Laterally:
Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A
  • Presence of APA
  • Can be secondary to SLE (APA is not present in all pts w/ SLE)
  • Elevated aPTT in coag studies
  • Leads to venous/arterial thromboembolism => recurrent pregnancy loss
  • False (+) for RPR/VDRL
19
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A
  • Portion of renal plasma flow filtered from the glomerular caps
  • GFR:RPF ratio
20
Q

Acute ureteral constriction or obstruction does what to the GFR and FF?

A

Both are decreased

21
Q

Once you determine a pt has a metabolic alkalosis, what should you look at next?

A

Urine Chloride

22
Q

Metabolic alkalose w/ low urine Cl is due to…?

A
  • Vomiting/nasogastric aspiration
  • Prior diuretic use

Saline responsive

23
Q

Metabolic alkalosis w/ high urine Cl and hypo/euvolemia

A
  • Current diuretic use (saline responsive)

- Bartter & Gitelman syndrome (non-saline)

24
Q

Metabolic alkalosis w/ high urine Cl and hypervolemia?

A

Excess mineralocorticoid activity

  • 1ar hyperaldosteronism
  • Cushing
  • Ectopic ACTH production

Non-saline responsive

25
Q

Ureter relation to ovarian/gonadal vessels?

A

Posterior

Before true pelvis

26
Q

Ureter relation to common/external iliac a.

A

Anterior

Before true pelvis

27
Q

Ureter relation to internal iliac

A

Anterior

w/in true pelvis

28
Q

Ureter relation to ovarian vessels

A

Medial

w/in true pelvis

29
Q

GO REVIEW RESORPTION/EXCRETION ON A NEPHRON

A

NOW

30
Q

Where is most of K filtered by glomeruli resorbed back into serum?

A

Proximal tubule

LOH

31
Q

Frequent UTIs and pyelonephritis?

A

Think Vesicoureteral reflux

Pyelo wouldn’t occur w/o this

32
Q

How do you determine RPF from RBF?

A

RPF = RBF * (1-Hct)

33
Q

A good rule of thumb for comparing GFR and serum Cr?

A

Everytime GFR halves => Cr doubles

34
Q

Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?

A

Pulm vasculature

35
Q

Function of Angiotensin II?

A

Potent vasoconstrictor

  • in systemic circulation => ^ BP
  • in efferent arterioles => maintains GFR

Also - stimulates adrenal gland => release of aldosterone => Na retention => ^ afterload

36
Q

Foscarnet

A
  • Pyrophosphate analog
  • Used for ganciclovir-resistant CMV
  • Chelates calcium => hypomagnesemia & v PTH release => hypocalcemia

Seizures!

37
Q

Most common cause of unilateral fetal hydronephrosis

A 
Uteropelvic junction (connection site between kidney and ureter)
- Due to inadequate canalization

Detected in 2nd trimester

38
Q

Significant renal hypoperfusion causes what?

A

Activation of RAAS system

Chronic hypoperfusion => hypertrophy & hyperplasia of afferent arteriole

39
Q

What is located in the afferent arteriole in the kidney?

A

Modified SM cells (juxtaglomerular cells) => synthesize renin

40
Q

Loop diuretics do what?

A
  • Blocks Na/Cl transport => ^ed Na, Cl, and fluid excretion
  • Stimulates prostaglandin release => vasodilatory effects => ^ RBF => ^ GFR and drug delivery

NSAIDs fuck up that shit b/c of decreased prostaglandins

41
Q

Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic agonist

42
Q

How does anesthesia affect urinary system?

A

Post-op urinary retention

  • Incomplete bladder emptying
  • decreased micturition reflex
  • Decreased contractility of bladder detrusos
  • +/- increased vesical sphincter tone
43
Q

Aldosterone excess leads to what?

A
  • HTN
  • Hypokalemia
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Depressed renin

Conn syndrome

ID/LC Step Review (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions