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ID/LC Step Review > Neuro/Psych 7 > Flashcards

Neuro/Psych 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply in the brain?

A
  • Face/arms of motor and sensory cortex
  • Broca and Wernicke speech areas
  • Frontal eye field
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2
Q

What is Broca aphasia?

A
  • Inability to speak or write
  • ## Preserved comprehension of spoken/written word
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3
Q

Occlusion of the MCA

A
  • Hemiparesis of contralateral arm > leg

- can also have aphasia

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4
Q

Adjustment disorder

A
  • ^ed anxiety, depression or disturbed behavior
  • Develops w/in 3 months of an identifiable stressor
  • Lasts no more than 6m

No psychosis

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5
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A
  • Psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech & behavior, negative sxs)
  • Last 1-6 months
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6
Q

Blotchy red muscle fibers on Gomori trichome stain

A

Mitochondrial myopathies

“red ragged” muscle fibers are seen in mitochondrial disease

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7
Q

Antidepressant monotherapy in a person w/ bipolar risk/disease

A
  • Can induce mania

- Especially in those with unrecognizable bipolar disorder

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8
Q

Bacterial meningititis CSF `labs

A
  • ^ PMN
  • ^ protein
  • v glucose
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9
Q

Leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

S pneumo

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10
Q

Gram stain of S pneumo

A
  • Lancet shaped

- G(+) cocci in pairs

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11
Q

Key features of paranoid personality disorders

A
  • Suspicious
  • Distrustful
  • Hypervigilant
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12
Q

Key features of schizoid

A
  • Prefers to be a loner
  • Detached
  • Unemotional
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13
Q

Schizotypal

A
  • Eccentric

- Odd thoughts, perceptions, behaviors

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14
Q

Antisocial

A
  • Disregard & violation of rights of others
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15
Q

Borderline

A
  • Chaotic relationshiops
  • Sensitivity to abandonment
  • Labile mood
  • Impulsivity
  • Inner emptiness
  • Self-harm
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16
Q

Histrionic

A
  • Dramatic
  • Superficial
  • Attention-seeking
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17
Q

Narcissistic

A
  • Grandiosity

- Lack of empathy

18
Q

Avoidant

A
  • Avoidance due to fears of criticism and rejection
19
Q

Dependent

A
  • Submissive
  • Clingy
  • Needs to be taken care of
20
Q

OCD

A
  • Rigid
  • Controlling
  • Perfectionistic
21
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants MOA and SEs

A
  • Strong anticholinergic properties

SEs:

  • confusion
  • constipation
  • urinary retention

Treat w/ caution in elderly due to comorbid conditions, decreased hepatic/renal clearance and higher burden of SEs

22
Q

Acoustic neuromas

A
  • Schwann cell-derived tumors
  • Typically arise from the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)
  • Commonly located at cerebellopontine angle (between cerebellum and lateral pons)

Presents with:

  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • tinnitus
23
Q

Characteristic microscopic findings of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A
  • Abnormal prion protein
  • Vacuoles in gray matter w/ NO inflammatory changes

Aka
Spongiform encephalopathy

24
Q

Why do you get bradykinesia and rigidity with Parkinson disease?

A

Reduced activity of the thalamus & its projections to the cortex

25
Q

Where do you do high-frequency deep brain stimulation for medically intractable symptoms of Parkinson disease?

A
  • Globus pallidus internus
  • Subthalamic nucleus

Promotes thalamo-cortical disinhibition

26
Q

Non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements

Myoclonus

A

Describes opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

Associated with neuroblastoma in young kids

27
Q

Neuroblastoma

A
  • Most common extracranial childhood cancer
  • Develops from neuroblasts of adrenal medulla
  • Mean age = 2yo
  • Increased # of copies of N-myc gene
28
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve arise in the brainstem?

A
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle @ lateral aspect of mid-pons
29
Q

Infarcts involving anterior portion of medial pons

A
  • Affect trigeminal nerve
  • Dysarthria
  • Contralateral ataxic hemiparesis

Facial n. is CAUDAL

30
Q

Ischemic stroke microscropic changes - 12-24hrs

A

“Red neurons”

Eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of Nissl substance

31
Q

Ischemic stroke microscropic changes - 24-72 hrs

A

Neutrophilic infiltration

32
Q

Ischemic stroke microscopic changes - 3-7 days

A

Macrophage/Microglia infiltration

Phagocytosis begins

33
Q

Ischemic stroke microscropic/macroscopic changes - 1-2 weeks

A

Micro:
Reactive gliosis & vascular proliferation around necrotic area

Macro:
- Liquefactive necrosis

34
Q

Ischemic stroke micro/macroscropic changes >2 weeks

A

Micro:
- Glial scar formation

Macro:
- Cystic area surrounded by dense glial fibers

35
Q

Liquefactive necrosis

A
  • Complete digestion & removal of necrotic tissue
  • With formation of cystic cavity

Hypoxic CNS injury is often followed by liquefactive necrosis

36
Q

CSF w. spherical yeast forms w/ thick capsules

A

Think Cryptococcus neoformans

Associated w/HIV and starts as a lung infection

37
Q

Generation and propogation of APs

A

B/c of voltage-gated Na channels

38
Q

Once Na (AP) reaches axon terminal, what happens

A

Voltage-gated Ca channels open

Allow influx of Ca

Causes fusion and release of NT vesicles into synaptic cleft

39
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

AD

Caused by ^ed # of CTG repeats on myotonia-protein kinase gene

Sustained myotonia w/ wkness and atrophy is common

Cataracts, frontal balding, gonadal atrophy

40
Q

Damage to optic nerve

A
  • Light in that eye will cause neither pupil to constrict (nerve can’t see shit)

Contralateral is normal

ID/LC Step Review (19 decks)

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