Heme/Onc 1 Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of desmopressin

A
  • Increases circulating Factor 8 levels
  • Also stimulates vWF secretion from endothelial cells

Used in hemophilia A and VW disease

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2
Q

Methotrexate MOA

A
  • Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
  • Folic acid analog
  • Functions as a chemo agent — inhibits DNA synthesis
  • Anti-psoriasis agent
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3
Q

SEs of methotrexate

A

Death of rapidly dividing cells in GI and bone marrow

causes ulcers and pancytopenia

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4
Q

Folinic acid

A
  • Reverses methotrexate toxicity if given early

- Only in non-cancerous cells (GI and bone marrow)

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5
Q

Reperfusion arrythmias

A

Fibrinolytics (eg tPA) can cause these when the artery is re-opened

usually benign

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6
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

Binding of oxygen to Hb => H+ and CO2 release from Hb

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7
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

High [CO2] and [H+] => O2 unloading from Hb

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8
Q

Describe the effects of CO on Hb

A
  • CO binds Hb w/ affinity 220 times that of O2

- Binding of CO and O2 are reversible => CO2 competitively binds Hb

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9
Q

What form of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein allows transition from G1 –> S phase?

A
  • *Phosphorylated** Rb or inactive

- Means Rb is inactive meaning it cannot stop cells in G1

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10
Q

Candida albicans

A
  • Most common cause of opportunistic mycosis (think HIV and chemo)
  • Affects any organ
  • Yeasts and pseudohyphae on light microscopy
  • (+) germ tube test
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11
Q

Anti-Rh(D) immunoglobin is given to Rh(-) moms of Rh(+) babies. What type of Abs are these?

A

IgG

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12
Q

Describe the role of folate in erythroid precursor cells

A

Folate helps produce dTMP

Without it, you get limited DNA synthesis, megaloblastosis, and erythroid precursor cell apoptosis

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13
Q

What supplement helps convert folate derivatives into dTMP?

A

Thymidine

Supplement used only during limited denovo synthesis (that causes deficiency)

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14
Q

How is 6-mercaptopurine degraded?

A

In liver via xanthine oxidase

XO inhibitors = allopurinol

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15
Q

AML cytogenetic defect and fusion gene

A

t(15;17)

PML/RARa => inhibits differentiation of myeloblasts and triggers AML

Think retinoic acid

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16
Q

von Willebrand disease labs

A
  • Increased PTT (b/c of decreased factor 8 activity)

- Increased BT (b/c of impaired platelet function)

17
Q

Characteristic findings of AML

A
  • Auer rods in myeloblast’s cytoplasm

- Stains for myeloperoxidase

18
Q

Clinical signs of metastatic prostate cancer

A
  • Urinary urgency and frequency
  • Constant back pain — worse at night
  • Pain non-responsive to position ∆s or analgesics
  • Hx or risk factors for malignancy
19
Q

What are the 2 major mechanisms of therapeutic ionizing radiation?

A

1) DNA ds breakage

2) Free radical formation

20
Q

Labs of iron deficiency anemia

A
  • Low MCV
  • Low Hb
  • Low ferritin
  • High transferrin
  • High TIBC