Heme/Onc 1 Flashcards
MOA of desmopressin
- Increases circulating Factor 8 levels
- Also stimulates vWF secretion from endothelial cells
Used in hemophilia A and VW disease
Methotrexate MOA
- Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
- Folic acid analog
- Functions as a chemo agent — inhibits DNA synthesis
- Anti-psoriasis agent
SEs of methotrexate
Death of rapidly dividing cells in GI and bone marrow
causes ulcers and pancytopenia
Folinic acid
- Reverses methotrexate toxicity if given early
- Only in non-cancerous cells (GI and bone marrow)
Reperfusion arrythmias
Fibrinolytics (eg tPA) can cause these when the artery is re-opened
usually benign
What is the Haldane effect?
Binding of oxygen to Hb => H+ and CO2 release from Hb
What is the Bohr effect?
High [CO2] and [H+] => O2 unloading from Hb
Describe the effects of CO on Hb
- CO binds Hb w/ affinity 220 times that of O2
- Binding of CO and O2 are reversible => CO2 competitively binds Hb
What form of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein allows transition from G1 –> S phase?
- *Phosphorylated** Rb or inactive
- Means Rb is inactive meaning it cannot stop cells in G1
Candida albicans
- Most common cause of opportunistic mycosis (think HIV and chemo)
- Affects any organ
- Yeasts and pseudohyphae on light microscopy
- (+) germ tube test
Anti-Rh(D) immunoglobin is given to Rh(-) moms of Rh(+) babies. What type of Abs are these?
IgG
Describe the role of folate in erythroid precursor cells
Folate helps produce dTMP
Without it, you get limited DNA synthesis, megaloblastosis, and erythroid precursor cell apoptosis
What supplement helps convert folate derivatives into dTMP?
Thymidine
Supplement used only during limited denovo synthesis (that causes deficiency)
How is 6-mercaptopurine degraded?
In liver via xanthine oxidase
XO inhibitors = allopurinol
AML cytogenetic defect and fusion gene
t(15;17)
PML/RARa => inhibits differentiation of myeloblasts and triggers AML
Think retinoic acid