Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ID/LC Step Review > Neuro/Psych 4 > Flashcards

Neuro/Psych 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple seizures

A

Focal (1 hemisphere)

  • No LOC/postictal state
  • Motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic sx

Tx: narrow spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Complex seizures

A

Focal (1 hemisphere)

  • LOC and postictal state
  • May have automatisms (e.g. lip smacking)

Tx: narrow spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tonic-clonic

A

Generalized (both hemis)

  • LOC and Postictal state
  • Diffuse muscle contraction (tonic) — then rhythmic jerking (clonic)

Tx: Broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

Generalized

  • No LOC or postictal state
  • Brief jerking movements

Tx: broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Absence seizures

A

Generalized

  • Brief LOC (blank stare)
  • May have automatisms (e.g. lip smacking)
  • Usually no postictal state

Tx: ethosuximide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are narrow spectrum tx for seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

Gabapentin

Phenobarbital

Phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are broad spectrum tx for seizures?

A

Lamotrigine

Levetiracetam

Topiramate

Valproic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx for bulimia nervosa

A
  • SSRIs
  • Nutritional rehab
  • CBT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is buproprion contraindicated in someone with bulimia?

A

Elevated risk of seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MOA of carbamazepine

A

Blocks VG-Na channels in cortical neurons

Stabilizes these channels in an inactivated state => fewer Na channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects of carbamazepine?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression => anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia
  • Hepatoxic
  • SIADH

Get LFTs and CBC periodically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which tx are used in AD?

A
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil)
  • Antioxidants (Vit E)
  • NMDA receptor antagonists (Memantine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical features of OCD?

A

Obsessions:
- Recurrent, intrusive, anxiety-provoking thoughts, urges, images

Compulsions

  • Response to obsessions w/repeated behaviors
  • Behaviors not connected realistically w/ preventing feared event

Time-consuming (>1h/day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subdural hematoma on a CT scan

A

Crescent-shaped

Rupture of cortical bridging veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subdural hematoma clinical signs

A
  • ^ed ICP (BP)

Young pts:

  • Gradual onset of HA and confusion
  • think MVA, bad fall

Elderly:

  • Minor trauma
  • Variety of neuro sx (gait, seizures, somnolence, confusion, memory loss)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CT scan of Dandy-Walker malformation

A

Hypoplasia/absence of cerebellar vermis

Cystic dilation of 4th ventricle

Posterior fossa enlargement

17
Q

Clinical presentation of Dandy-Walker malformation

A

Present in infancy

  • Developmental delay
  • Progressive skull enlargement
  • Cerebellar dysfunction
  • Non-communicating hydrocephalus
18
Q

Primary CNS lymphomas

A
  • Associated w/ immunocompromised pts
  • Arise from B cells
  • Universally associated w/ RBV
  • High grade => poor prognosis
19
Q

Which drug group is associated with the majority of overdose-related deaths?

A

Opioid pain relievers

20
Q

How do the meningicoccal vxs work?

A
  • Produce Abs that prevent inhibit pilus-mediated attachment of the meningococcus to mucosal epithelium of nasopharynx
  • Prevents colonization and invasion
21
Q

Uncal herniation

A
  • (Ipsilateral) Fixed, dilated pupil
  • Ips oculomotor muscle paralysis
  • Contra/ips hemiparesis
  • Contra homonymous hemianopsia
22
Q

What is a congenital malformation?

A

primary abnormality in the developmental process

23
Q

Congenital disruption

A

secondary destruction of a previously well-formed tissue or organ

24
Q

Congenital deformation

A

secondary to extrinsic compression

25
Q

Congenital agenesis

A

complete absence of an organ

26
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A
  • Failure of forebrain cleavage into cerebral hemis

- Congenital malformation

27
Q

Amniotic band syndrome

A

Can compress or amputate fetal limbs

Congenital disruption

28
Q

Potter syndrome

A
  • Congenital hip dislocation
  • Clubbed feet
  • Flat facies

Congenital deformation and sequence

29
Q

Clozapine indications

A

Tx-resistant schizophrenia

Schizophrenia associated w/ suicidality

30
Q

Adverse effects of clozapine

A
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Seizures
  • Myocarditis
  • Metabolic syndrome

Must regularly monitor PMNs

31
Q

Lambert-Eaton syndrome

A
  • Wkness improves during the day & w/exercise
  • Wkness of proximal muscles
  • Associated w/ pre-existing malignancy
  • Abs against pre-synaptic Ca channels
  • Tensilon test: no clinical improvement
  • Nerve stimulation: incremental response
32
Q

Which type of cancer is usually associated w/Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Small cell lung cancer

33
Q

Diabetic mononeuropathy

A
  • Involves CNIII (down & out, normal light and accomodation)
  • Causes by central ischemia => somatic nerve fibers
  • Don’t affect peripheral parasympathetic fibers
34
Q

Measuring blood levels of what correlates closely with morbidity and mortality in N. meningitidis

A

Meningococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) => toxic effects observed in meningitis and meningococcemia

35
Q

Clinical signs of tertiary syphilis

A

Tabes dorsalis:

  • Affects dorsal columns and dorsal roots
  • Loss of position and vibration sense
  • Severe lancinating pains
  • Absent peripheral reflexes

Argyll Robertson pupils:

  • Small, irregularly shaped pupils
  • Don’t constrict in response to light
  • Constrict w/ accomodation
  • Midbrain tectum
36
Q

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

A
  • Cofactor used by hydroxylase enzymes
  • synthesizes tyrosine, dopamine, serotonin

Deficiency:
- PKU

ID/LC Step Review (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions