Pulm 1 Flashcards
Rubber like qualities of elastin due to…?
Extensive cross linking between elastin monomers
Facilitated by lysyl oxidase
Legionnaire’s disease clinical findings
Affects smokers
- Very high fever
- Diarrhea
- HA, confusion (CNS findings)
- Lab studies = hyponatremia
G(-) rod – not detected on gram stain
Most common form of CF
- Mutation in CFTR gene
- Causes defective post-translational folding and glycosylation
- Result => degradation of membrane protein before it reaches cell surface
∆F508 mutation
Kartagener syndrome triad
- Situs inversus
- Chronic sinusitis
- Bronchiectasis
Pathophysiology of Kartagener syndrome
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Mutations => failure to form dynein arms in cilia => immotility
Recurrent resp infections, infertility (sperm in men, fallopian tubes in women)
PE is associated with what on an ABG?
Respiratory alkalosis
Centriacinar emphysema inflammatory infiltrate…?
PMNs
Alveolar macros
Release proteinases!
Why does pus/sputum turn green because of a bacterial infections?
Presence of myeloperoxidase
- blue/green heme-based enzyme
- released from PMN azurophilic granules
- Forms hypochlorous acid
Most common non-small cell lung cancer
- Adenocarcinoma
- Found in women and non-smokers
Which lungs cancers are associated with smoking?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
- Women/non-smokes
- Located peripherally
- Consists of tumor cells that form glandular or papillary structures
Mycobacterium avium complex
MAC
- Common opportunistic infection
- Causes disseminated disease in HIV+ pts
- CD4+
Cromolyn & nedocromil MOA
- Inhibit mast cell degraulation (prevents release of histamine)
Prevent acute attacks
Less effective than inhaled steroids
Considered 2nd-line for tx of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma
Pleuritic chest pain
- Sharp, localized, often severe
- Can be due to PNA
- Exacerbated by coughing, breathing, or changing position
- Worse on inspiration
- Results from any inflammation of the pleura
Referred pain from pleuritic chest pain
C3-C5 distribution (based of neck and over the shoulder)
Phrenic nerve irritation
Diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura pain fibers
