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ID/LC Step Review > CV 2 > Flashcards

CV 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Type I collagen location

A
  • Dermis
  • Bone
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Scar tissue

Think osteogenesis imperfecta

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2
Q

Type II collagen locations

A
  • Cartilage
  • Vitreous humor
  • Nucleus pulposus
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3
Q

Type III collagen locations

A
  • Skin
  • Lungs
  • Bone marrow
  • Lymphatics, Granulation tissue

Think Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

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4
Q

Type IV collagen location

A

Basement membranes

Think Alport syndrome

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5
Q

Acute organ rejection

A
  • Occurs weeks after transplant
  • Primarily cell-mediated
  • HISTO: dense mononuclear lymphocytic infiltrate w/ myocyte damage
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6
Q

Purpose of double blind studies

A

To prevent observer bias (pt/researcher expectancy from interfering with the determination of the outcome)

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7
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide MOA

A
  • Released by ventricles (whereas ANP is by atria) when stretched (e.g. CHF)
  • Causes vasodilation (decreased preload)
  • Also diuresis (dilates afferent and constricts efferent)

via cGMP => SM relaxation

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8
Q

First pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

CN V

Maxillary a.

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9
Q

2nd pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

CN VII

Stapedial a. (regresses)

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10
Q

3rd pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

CN IX

Common carotid, prox. internal coratid a.

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11
Q

4th pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch)

True aortic arch

Subclavian a.

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12
Q

5th pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

Obliterated

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13
Q

6th pharyngeal/aortic arch

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)

Pulm a.
Ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

3rd degree heart block

A
  • Atria and ventricles depolarize independently
  • QRS complexes (ventricular dep) are narrow
  • Atrial rate > ventricular rate

AV node can start initiating cells if the area between SA and AV is blocked

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15
Q

Diphtheria vaccine targets what?

A

IgG against exotoxin B subunit => prevents disease

B subunit promotes binding in oropharynx

A subunit inhibits ribosome function after B penetration

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16
Q

G(+) cocci that synthesizes dextrans from sucrose

A

S. viridans

17
Q

S. viridans can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis. Why?

A

Happens post dental procedures/caries

(classically) Occurs in pts with preexisting cardiac valvular defects

18
Q

Which artery determines coronary dominance (right or left side)?

A

Posterior descending artery

19
Q

Where does the PDA originate in right side coronary dominant peeps?

A

Right coronary artery

70%

20
Q

Where does the PDA originate in left side coronary dominant peeps?

A

LCX

10%

21
Q

SE of ACEI

A

COUGH!!!

Because of bradykinin, substance P or prostaglandin accumulation

Dry, nonproductive, persistant cough

22
Q

Acute-onset mid-chest pain that decreases when sitting up and leaning forward. Aggravated on inspiration

What is it?

A

Acute pericarditis

23
Q

Most common types of acute pericarditis

A

Fibrinous

Serofibrinous

24
Q

Most striking physical finding in acute pericarditis

A

Pericardial friction rub

25
Q

Which beta receptor affects contractility?

A

B1

26
Q

Which beta receptor affects vasodilation?

A

B2

27
Q

Isoproterenol affects which receptors?

A

B1/B2 (nonselective)

Increases contractility and decreases systemic vascular resistance

28
Q

Mitral valve stenosis auscultation

A

Over apex

  • Opening snap
  • Followed by diastolic rumbling murmur
29
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Associated with cardiac tamponade

  • Hypotension
  • JVD
  • Distant/muffled heart sounds on auscultation

Also tachy

Recent infection, lungs clear to auscultation

30
Q

Pharm tx for transient ischemic attack?

A

BP control

Statin

Aspirin

31
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A
  • Brief, reversible episode of focal neuro dysfunction w/o infarction - NEGATIVE MRI

Resolves in 15 min

32
Q

S4 sound, why?

A
  • Decreased left ventricular compliance
  • Associated w/ restrictive cardiomyopathy and L. ventricular hypertrophy

Low freq sound heart at end of diastole just before S1

33
Q

Vit B12 and heart problems

A
  • Deficiency => elevated homocysteine levels => increased risk of CV events
  • B12 needed to remethylate homocysteine to form methionine
34
Q

Highest burden of atherosclerosis. Which vessels?

A
  • Abdominal aorta

- Coronary arteries

35
Q

GO REVIEW THE RAAS SYSTEM

A

NOW

36
Q

How do inflammatory macros reduce plaque stability in atherosclerosis?

A

Secreting metalloproteinases

This degrades collagen => thrombosis and/or thromboembolism

37
Q

Why do you get heavy calcifications on the aortic valve?

A
  • Because of dystrophic calcification
  • Occurs after all types of necrosis (cell injury and death)

Hematoxylin and eosin staining

In setting of normal Ca levels

ID/LC Step Review (19 decks)

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