Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards
Calvinism
Calvinism is a systematic theology compiled by John Calvin during the Protestant Reformation. Dealing heavily with the doctrine of salvation, his work “Institutes of the Christian Religion” spread his teachings throughout the world.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, formed the first and largest branch of the Christian religion. Major groups that left the Catholic Church include the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054) the Protestants of the 1500’s.
England
The heart of the United Kingdom, England has a powerful ruling body since 1066 after winning the Battle of Hastings. They were one of the earliest monarchs to set limits on the government by way of the Magna Carta.
France
France is a European country located south of Great Britain and northeast of Spain. France has long held a role in the settlement and history of North America.
Great Britain
Great Britain includes the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales. All three are ruled by the English Throne. Great Britain established the colonies in North America.
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was a German craftsman and inventor who developed a new method of printing that revolutionized the spread of information. The printing press was based on movable type with molded typefaces and oil-based ink.
Leonardo Da Vinci
The quintessential Renaissance Man. As a talented engineer, inventor, architect, writer, and painter, he was able to express his genius through many disciplines. Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Marco Polo
Marco Polo was an influential explorer, writer, and linguist from Venice, Italy. He is best known for his 25-year journey to Mongolia and China
Muslims
Muslims are people who practice the monotheistic religion called Islam, which is a based on the teachings of the Muhammad.
Nicolas Copernicus
An astronomer and mathematician, created the heliocentric (sun center) model of the universe.
Portugal
To the west of Spain, Portugal was on the forefront of global exploration.
Protestant Reformation
Due to corruption in the Catholic church, congregants led by Catholic monk Martin Luther, left to begin the protestant arm of Christianity.
Renaissance
1300-1600. A period of great advancements in art, music, literature, and science. It means “rebirth.” It was heavily incfluence by ancient Greece and Rome.
Spain
Between France and Portugal, Spain was a exploration force with Juan Ponce de Leon and Christopher Columbus leading the way.
Spanish Inquisition
A period of religious persecution known as the Spanish Inquisition.
The Inquisition was established to combat heresy in the Roman Catholic Church. Their goal was to force the Jews and Muslims in Spain either to confess their heresy and convert to Catholicism or to be exiled from the country.
Tomas de Torquemada
A Spanish monk who through his thirst for torture became the first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition. He was so barbaric, Pope Alexander VI had to replace him with other Inquisitors.
Martin Luther
Father of the reformation. Luther was a Catholic Monk who took his issues with Catholic corruption public when he nailed his 95 Theses to the church door at Wittenberg
John Calvin
Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibly of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
Ulrich Zwingli
Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531)
Renaissance Man
a scholar during the Renaissance who (because knowledge was limited) could know almost everything about many topics including art and the sciences.
Michelangelo
(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David
Humanism
The emphasis of human potential and achievement; emphasis of human body into a more realistic image.
The Black Death/Plague
The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.
Machiavelli
Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that “the end justifies the means.”
Raphael
(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.
Donatello
(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted the greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.
Secularism
the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife
Scientific Revolution
Period in the 1500s and 1600s in which scientific thinkers challenged traditional ideas and relied on observation and experimentation
Galileo
Italian Renaissance astronomer who supported the heliocentric theory
Sir Isaac Newton
English scientist who recognized gravity; worked with physics and astronomy
