Renaissance and Reformation

Question 1

Calvinism

Answer 1

Calvinism is a systematic theology compiled by John Calvin during the Protestant Reformation. Dealing heavily with the doctrine of salvation, his work “Institutes of the Christian Religion” spread his teachings throughout the world.

Question 2

Catholic Church

Answer 2

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, formed the first and largest branch of the Christian religion. Major groups that left the Catholic Church include the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054) the Protestants of the 1500’s.

Question 3

England

Answer 3

The heart of the United Kingdom, England has a powerful ruling body since 1066 after winning the Battle of Hastings. They were one of the earliest monarchs to set limits on the government by way of the Magna Carta.

Question 4

France

Answer 4

France is a European country located south of Great Britain and northeast of Spain. France has long held a role in the settlement and history of North America.

Question 5

Great Britain

Answer 5

Great Britain includes the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales. All three are ruled by the English Throne. Great Britain established the colonies in North America.

Question 6

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 6

Johannes Gutenberg was a German craftsman and inventor who developed a new method of printing that revolutionized the spread of information. The printing press was based on movable type with molded typefaces and oil-based ink.

Question 7

Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 7

The quintessential Renaissance Man. As a talented engineer, inventor, architect, writer, and painter, he was able to express his genius through many disciplines. Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

Question 8

Marco Polo

Answer 8

Marco Polo was an influential explorer, writer, and linguist from Venice, Italy. He is best known for his 25-year journey to Mongolia and China

Question 9

Muslims

Answer 9

Muslims are people who practice the monotheistic religion called Islam, which is a based on the teachings of the Muhammad.

Question 10

Nicolas Copernicus

Answer 10

An astronomer and mathematician, created the heliocentric (sun center) model of the universe.

Question 11

Portugal

Answer 11

To the west of Spain, Portugal was on the forefront of global exploration.

Question 12

Protestant Reformation

Answer 12

Due to corruption in the Catholic church, congregants led by Catholic monk Martin Luther, left to begin the protestant arm of Christianity.

Question 13

Renaissance

Answer 13

1300-1600. A period of great advancements in art, music, literature, and science. It means “rebirth.” It was heavily incfluence by ancient Greece and Rome.

Question 14

Spain

Answer 14

Between France and Portugal, Spain was a exploration force with Juan Ponce de Leon and Christopher Columbus leading the way.

Question 15

Spanish Inquisition

Answer 15

A period of religious persecution known as the Spanish Inquisition.
The Inquisition was established to combat heresy in the Roman Catholic Church. Their goal was to force the Jews and Muslims in Spain either to confess their heresy and convert to Catholicism or to be exiled from the country.

Question 16

Tomas de Torquemada

Answer 16

A Spanish monk who through his thirst for torture became the first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition. He was so barbaric, Pope Alexander VI had to replace him with other Inquisitors.

Question 17

Martin Luther

Answer 17

Father of the reformation. Luther was a Catholic Monk who took his issues with Catholic corruption public when he nailed his 95 Theses to the church door at Wittenberg

Question 18

John Calvin

Answer 18

Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibly of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)

Question 19

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 19

Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531)

Question 20

Renaissance Man

Answer 20

a scholar during the Renaissance who (because knowledge was limited) could know almost everything about many topics including art and the sciences.

Question 21

Michelangelo

Answer 21

(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David

Question 22

Humanism

Answer 22

The emphasis of human potential and achievement; emphasis of human body into a more realistic image.

Question 23

The Black Death/Plague

Answer 23

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

Question 24

Machiavelli

Answer 24

Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that “the end justifies the means.”

Question 25

Raphael

Answer 25

(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.

Question 26

Donatello

Answer 26

(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted the greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

Question 27

Secularism

Answer 27

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife

Question 28

Scientific Revolution

Answer 28

Period in the 1500s and 1600s in which scientific thinkers challenged traditional ideas and relied on observation and experimentation

Question 29

Galileo

Answer 29

Italian Renaissance astronomer who supported the heliocentric theory

Question 30

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 30

English scientist who recognized gravity; worked with physics and astronomy