Chapter 6 Building and New National Identity Flashcards
Aaron Burr
In the U.S. election of 1800, he was nominated as the Republican candidate for vice president. Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
Dolly Madison
wife of , James Madison. Acted as a hostess at official White House events, since President Jefferson was a widower
James Madison
the fourth U.S. President, and he spent much of his first years in office dealing with the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France. He then led the country through the War of 1812
James Monroe
the fifth president of the United States, and issued a statement telling European powers to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
Meriwether Lewis
born in 1774, was one of the leaders of an expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. Served as President Jefferson’s personal secretary
William Clark
born in 1770, was one of the leaders of the expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. Served as Co- Commander of the expedition
Sacagawea
born in approximately 1788, was an interpreter on the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Shoshone- Native American tribe that assisted the Corps of Discovery find their way to the
pacific ocean
The Louisiana Territory
a wide strip of land west of the Mississippi River. It stretched from the mouth of the Mississippi north to what is today the southern Canadian border.
The Barbary Wars
two naval engagements between the United States and the Barbary States of Tripoli and Algiers. The wars were fought because of attacks on U.S. merchant ships in the Mediterranean by Barbary pirates.
Agrarian
agricultural, societies that relied on farming to provide food.
Judiciary Act of 1789
which created the U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals.
The Judiciary Act of 1801
evidence of the hostility between the Federalists and the
Democratic-Republicans.The act increased the number of judges in the U.S. court system
The national debt
the amount of money that a nation owes.
the states’ rights doctrine-
the theory that the powers of states are supreme over the powers of the federal government.
Judicial review
the principle that the Supreme Court has the power to declare a federal law unconstitutional.
Andrew Jackson
the seventh president of the United States, When he became president, he enacted policies that he believed helped ordinary citizens. However, he also took away the rights of Native Americans.
Francis Scott Key
born in 1779, was an American lawyer. He is most famous for writing “The Star-Spangled Banner” after watching a battle during the War of 1812.
Oliver Hazard Perry
led a squadron of 10 small ships against 6 British warships on Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes. He defeated the enemy quickly by sailing directly into the line of British ships. He is famous for his report of that victory: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.”
Perry’s victory at Lake Erie helped the United States maintain control of the Northwest during the war and made him a national hero.
Tecumseh
a Shawnee Chief, strongly objected to the treaties some Native Americans in the region had signed with white settlers, because he believed the land was shared among all people. So no one had the right to give it away
William Henry Harrison
was the ninth president of the United States, on Inauguration Day, Harrison gave a long speech outdoors on a freezing-cold day, and then he caught a cold that turned into pneumonia. A month later, he died from the disease.
Winfield Scott
oversaw the moving of Native Americans from the Southeast to a U.S. territory reserved for Native Americans.He became the commanding general of the U.S. army in 1841 and held that position when the Mexican War began in 1846. He led the American troops that marched to victory several times from Veracruz to Mexico City. That campaign helped the United States win the war, and he became a national hero.In 1852 he ran as the Whig candidate for president, but he lost the election to Franklin Pierce
The Battle of New Orleans
began on January 8, 1815. Though the battle lasted just half an hour, the British suffered an astonishing 2,000 casualties, while the American wounded and dead numbered just 71. Jackson’s forces had won a quick and decisive victory. Neither Commander knew the war had been over for two weeks.
Battle of Plattsburgh
On September 11, 1814, a group of about 4,000 Americans under the command of General Alexander Macomb defeated an estimated 14,000 British troops in upstate New York.
Battle of Tippecanoe
April 27, 1813. a bloody affair that pitted an American naval commander and an American infantry commander against British forces in Canada. The goal was to isolate Upper Canada to clear the way for an assault on the city of Montreal.
The Treaty of Ghent
the agreement that ended the War of 1812
The War of 1812
was a war between the United States and Great Britain that began in 1812 and ended in 1815.
War Hawks
often used to describe people who support war or military action.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
was to create a government for the NW territory and establish a path to statehood.
Non-Intercourse Act
permitted U.S. trade with all nations except Great Britain and France.
Impressment- the practice of forcing unwilling men to join military or naval service.
Embargo act
which banned all American ships from leaving port to engage in foreign trade
Embargo
a law that is passed to prohibit trade with a particular nation or nations
John Jay
the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court
John Quincy Adams
the sixth president of the United States. After the War of 1812, Adams led the delegation of Americans who signed the Treaty of Ghent to end the war.In the 1824 presidential election, none of the candidates received a majority of votes, so the House of Representatives chose the winner
Oregon country
the Pacific Northwest territory that was jointly controlled by the United States and Great Britain from 1818 to 1846
The First Seminole War
a conflict that took place in 1817 and 1818 between the Seminole people of Florida and American troops led by Andrew Jackson. At the time, Florida was controlled by Spain, and the Seminole were a Native American nation living in the region. The Seminole were known for providing a safe haven for escaped slaves from the Southern states.
The Monroe Doctrine
a policy that stated that the United States would not allow any European countries to establish colonies or use force in North or South America.
The Rush-Bagot Agreement
an understanding spelled out in an exchange of letters in 1817 between U.S. Acting Secretary of State Richard Rush and British Minister Charles Bagot. In these letters, the United States and Great Britain agreed to a major reduction in the number of naval vessels patrolling the Great Lakes. Each country would be allowed just one ship on Lake Ontario and one ship on Lake Champlain. Two ships per country would be allowed on Lakes Erie, Huron, and Superior. Both nations also agreed to a weight limit of 100 tons and one 18-pound cannon per ship.
The Adams-Onis Treaty
Agreement the resulted in the US taking possession of Florida
The Convention of 1818
At this meeting the two nations made several agreements.
First, they agreed that the border between Canada and the United States would be established at 49 degrees north latitude, from the Lake of the Woods in current-day Minnesota to the Rocky Mountains.
Second, they agreed that they would jointly own the Oregon Territory, which had previously been a source of conflict.
Finally, at the Convention of 1818, Great Britain also agreed to give the United States some fishing rights near the coast of Newfoundland.
Nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation,
Daniel Boone
He found the Cumberland Gap, a natural break in the Appalachian Mountains that had probably been used by Native Americans to travel to what is now Kentucky.
Henry Clay
the Great Compromiser
pioneer
a person who is one of the first to do something new
The Seminole
a Native American people whose 27,000 descendants live in the states of Florida and Oklahoma
The Erie Canal
played a pivotal role in westward expansion and the economic growth of New York State. The canal stretches for 363 miles, linking the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. To move boats through the many different elevations along the canal’s path, engineers designed 83 stone locks. Eighteen aqueducts were constructed to enable the canal to cross bodies of water.
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend
the decisive military action in the Creek War.
Gibbons v. Ogden
The U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that upheld the power of the federal government to regulate trade among the states
Louisiana Purchase
President Thomas Jefferson bought 828,000 square miles of land from France for 15 million dollars, opening up broad expanses of new territory. This historic purchase more than doubled the size of the United States.
Tariff of 1816
A tariff is a duty, or tax, imposed by a country on imported and, in some cases, exported goods.The American government realized after the War of 1812 that the United States had to become economically independent from Great Britain. In order to do so, the United States had to establish its own manufacturing industries. To pay for them, the government imposed a tariff on all imported goods.
American System
the phrase that Henry Clay used to describe the U.S. government’s efforts in the early 1800s to support the economy. The goal of this plan was to improve three different parts of the economy: agriculture, commerce, and industry.
The National Road
the beginning of what would eventually become the U.S. interstate highway system. In 1806, Congress appropriated funds to build a road from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia.
The 2nd bank of the United States
the bank’s president, Biddle wielded a great deal of political influence, which irritated Andrew Jackson, who was the U.S. president at the time. Jackson was further angered by the bank’s unwillingness to fund expansion into the Western Territories. The resulting disputes between Jackson, Biddle, and the Congress were known as the “Bank War.”
