Chapter 8 Industrial Expansion and Reform Flashcards
Automate
To convert from manual to mechanical. ex. Needle and thread to a sewing machine.
Interchangeable Parts
Parts of a product manufactured to be same size and shape used for mass production.
Rhode Island System
was a system for manufacturing textiles, or cloth, in factories.
Eli Whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Industrialization
The process of moving from agriculture society (handmade) to a manufactured society.
Francis Cabot Lowell
An industrialist who changed the way textiles (cloth) were made in US.
Industrial Revolution
Period of change for the economy and society all over the world
Cyrus McCormick
Inventor of mechanical reaper
Robert Fulton
Inventor and engineer that ran steamboats. He recommended building the Erie Canal and a steam warship
Samuel Morse
Inventor who developed electric telegraph and invented Morse Code.
Lowell System
Workforce in factories made up of single women from nearby farms, known as the “Lowell Girls”
Market Revolution
Economic transition in the 19th century in U.S. and Europe goods were traded across greater distances to reach more consumers in larger markets.
Isaac M Singer
Improved the sewing machine. (Did not invent the sewing maching)
Elias Howe
Invented the sewing machine
Erie Canal
Completed in 1825 after 8 years of construction; it links the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean; lowered costs of shipping goods
Samuel Slater
Opened 1st textile mill factory in the U.S.
Telegraph
Invented by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail, this machine sends signals transmitted along wire by electric impulses.
Morse Code
Printout of telegraph made of dots and dashes
John Deere
Invented steel plows and later bulldozers, forklifts, chainsaws and tractors
Cotton Gin
Machine invented by Eli Whitney that pulled cotton plants through a set of wire teeth which separated the seeds from the cotton fibers. This sped up the cleaning process.
Socialism
A political and economic system in which most property and resources are publicly owned or controlled;profits are divided among all people; example: Government provides health care, housing, education or guaranteed employment
Ethnic Group
Cultural concept refers to shared cultural or national background that a group of people have in common
Irish-Potato Famine
Disease attached to potato plants and killed the harvest; Ireland suffered and around a million people died. Two million survivors went to Canada and the U.S.
Nativism
Favoring native-born inhabitants over immigrants
Tenement
Poorly made building where immigrants, etc lived; they were dark, crowded, unsanitary and unsafe
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas (towns) to urban areas (cities)
Utopia
Ideal community that exists in an unrealistically positive condition
Transcendentalism
Set of ideas that a group of thinkers believed that individuals were all connected to one another and to nature
Lucretia Mott
was a reformer who worked for abolition and women’s rights.
Susan B. Anthony
An American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement.
Abigail Adams
Fought for equal rights for women and African Americans
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
organized Seneca Falls Convention, founded (with Anthony) National Women Suffrage Organization
Seneca Falls, NY
Place where the Women’s Rights Convention took place
2nd Great Awakening
1790’s extension of the Great Awakening; this brought the establishment of seminars, mission societies and universities
Temperance
Showing restraint, ex. Anti-Alcohol Social Reform in the U.S.
Slave Codes
Defined rights of enslaved African Americans
Know Nothing Party
Known as the American Party; positions were restructuring Immigrants and only let native born people vote and hold office.
Mestizo
Person of Mixed blood.
Harriet Tubman
Led enslaved people to freedom on the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
Series of escape Routes and hiding places used by enslaved people who were running away from slave owners “Stations”
Sufferage
Right to vote
Republicanism
Support for a Republican form of government rather than a monarchy/dictatorship
Frederick Douglass
Speaker on the Abolitionist movement; spoke out for abolition and against discrimination towards African-Americans
Sarah and Angela Grimke
Were southern abolitionists who fought against slavery
William Lloyd Garrison
Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper
