Chapter 8 Industrial Expansion and Reform

Question 1

Automate

Answer 1

To convert from manual to mechanical. ex. Needle and thread to a sewing machine.

Question 2

Interchangeable Parts

Answer 2

Parts of a product manufactured to be same size and shape used for mass production.

Question 3

Rhode Island System

Answer 3

was a system for manufacturing textiles, or cloth, in factories.

Question 4

Eli Whitney

Answer 4

Invented the cotton gin

Question 5

Industrialization

Answer 5

The process of moving from agriculture society (handmade) to a manufactured society.

Question 6

Francis Cabot Lowell

Answer 6

An industrialist who changed the way textiles (cloth) were made in US.

Question 7

Industrial Revolution

Answer 7

Period of change for the economy and society all over the world

Question 8

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 8

Inventor of mechanical reaper

Question 9

Robert Fulton

Answer 9

Inventor and engineer that ran steamboats. He recommended building the Erie Canal and a steam warship

Question 10

Samuel Morse

Answer 10

Inventor who developed electric telegraph and invented Morse Code.

Question 11

Lowell System

Answer 11

Workforce in factories made up of single women from nearby farms, known as the “Lowell Girls”

Question 12

Market Revolution

Answer 12

Economic transition in the 19th century in U.S. and Europe goods were traded across greater distances to reach more consumers in larger markets.

Question 13

Isaac M Singer

Answer 13

Improved the sewing machine. (Did not invent the sewing maching)

Question 14

Elias Howe

Answer 14

Invented the sewing machine

Question 15

Erie Canal

Answer 15

Completed in 1825 after 8 years of construction; it links the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean; lowered costs of shipping goods

Question 16

Samuel Slater

Answer 16

Opened 1st textile mill factory in the U.S.

Question 17

Telegraph

Answer 17

Invented by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail, this machine sends signals transmitted along wire by electric impulses.

Question 18

Morse Code

Answer 18

Printout of telegraph made of dots and dashes

Question 19

John Deere

Answer 19

Invented steel plows and later bulldozers, forklifts, chainsaws and tractors

Question 20

Cotton Gin

Answer 20

Machine invented by Eli Whitney that pulled cotton plants through a set of wire teeth which separated the seeds from the cotton fibers. This sped up the cleaning process.

Question 21

Socialism

Answer 21

A political and economic system in which most property and resources are publicly owned or controlled;profits are divided among all people; example: Government provides health care, housing, education or guaranteed employment

Question 22

Ethnic Group

Answer 22

Cultural concept refers to shared cultural or national background that a group of people have in common

Question 23

Irish-Potato Famine

Answer 23

Disease attached to potato plants and killed the harvest; Ireland suffered and around a million people died. Two million survivors went to Canada and the U.S.

Question 24

Nativism

Answer 24

Favoring native-born inhabitants over immigrants

Question 25

Tenement

Answer 25

Poorly made building where immigrants, etc lived; they were dark, crowded, unsanitary and unsafe

Question 26

Urbanization

Answer 26

Movement of people from rural areas (towns) to urban areas (cities)

Question 27

Utopia

Answer 27

Ideal community that exists in an unrealistically positive condition

Question 28

Transcendentalism

Answer 28

Set of ideas that a group of thinkers believed that individuals were all connected to one another and to nature

Question 29

Lucretia Mott

Answer 29

was a reformer who worked for abolition and women’s rights.

Question 30

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 30

An American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement.

Question 31

Abigail Adams

Answer 31

Fought for equal rights for women and African Americans

Question 32

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 32

organized Seneca Falls Convention, founded (with Anthony) National Women Suffrage Organization

Question 33

Seneca Falls, NY

Answer 33

Place where the Women’s Rights Convention took place

Question 34

2nd Great Awakening

Answer 34

1790’s extension of the Great Awakening; this brought the establishment of seminars, mission societies and universities

Question 35

Temperance

Answer 35

Showing restraint, ex. Anti-Alcohol Social Reform in the U.S.

Question 36

Slave Codes

Answer 36

Defined rights of enslaved African Americans

Question 37

Know Nothing Party

Answer 37

Known as the American Party; positions were restructuring Immigrants and only let native born people vote and hold office.

Question 38

Mestizo

Answer 38

Person of Mixed blood.

Question 39

Harriet Tubman

Answer 39

Led enslaved people to freedom on the Underground Railroad

Question 40

Underground Railroad

Answer 40

Series of escape Routes and hiding places used by enslaved people who were running away from slave owners “Stations”

Question 41

Sufferage

Answer 41

Right to vote

Question 42

Republicanism

Answer 42

Support for a Republican form of government rather than a monarchy/dictatorship

Question 43

Frederick Douglass

Answer 43

Speaker on the Abolitionist movement; spoke out for abolition and against discrimination towards African-Americans

Question 44

Sarah and Angela Grimke

Answer 44

Were southern abolitionists who fought against slavery

Question 45

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 45

Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper