Chapter 7 New Horizons Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
He was the 7th president of the US. Nicknamed “Old Hickory,” he took away the rights of the Native Americans.
Corrupt Bargain
No candidate had enough electoral votes to win the presidency, so it was up to the House of Representatives to decide.
Democratic Party
One of the first 2 major political parties in the US. They supported workers and minorities and had a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
Henry Clay
Known as “The Great Compromiser,” he served in congress for more than 30 years.
Indian Removal Act
Federal law promoted by Jackson that forced Indians to leave their lands and walk 100s of miles to Indian Territory.
John C. Calhoun
He held many federal offices and was an advocate of states’ rights & slavery
John Q. Adams
The 6th President of the United States, he opposed slavery.
Panic of 1837
Financial crisis affected Second Bank of the US. Money was moved to state banks.
Second Bank of US
Bank run by government that could control country’s money supply and interest rates
Spoils System
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. The winner of elections move people out of office and puts their own people in those positions.
Whig party
Political party formed to opposed President Jackson and the Democrats; they stood for protective tariffs, national banking and federal aid for internal improvements.
Cherokee
Tribe that lived in the Southeastern US. Their territory of 40,000 was affected by the Indian Removal Act, also known as the Trail of Tears
Cherokee Nation v Georgia
The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia for breaking treaties. The Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee nation wasn’t a state and labeled them as a “denominated domestic dependent nation” meaning Georgia had no rights to enforce state laws in its territory.
5 Civilized Tribes
Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole
Indian Territory
Oklahoma
John Ross
leader of Cherokee in Indian Territory that fought for Indian rights.
Johnson v McIntosh
Johnson bought land from the Indians, McIntosh bought same land from federal government. Ruled for McIntosh saying the Indians couldn’t transfer title to individuals, only the federal government could do that.
Oklahoma Territory
Called Indian Territory that was set aside for the Indians after the Indian Removal Act.
Osceola
Seminole leader in the 2nd Seminole War in Florida, fought against US troops
Worcestor v Georgia
ruling individual states have no criminal jurisdiction in Indian Territory
49th Parallel
U.s and Great Britain divided Oregon Territory. Great Britain got the north side and teh US got the south side.
Alamo
Catholic mission where the battle took place between Texas and Mexico for Texas’ independence
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
President of Mexico
Brigham Young
Early leader of the Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
California Gold Rush
1848-1850 search for gold
Californios
Citizens of Mexico who settled in California
Empresario
A land agent in Texas
Franklin Pierce
14th President of the US that fought in the Mexican-American War
Gadsen Purchase
Agreement between US and Mexico. US paid Mexico ten million dollars for land known now as Arizona and New Mexico
James k Polk
11th President of the US
John Sutter
Owned land in California and discovered the first gold nuggets to start the California Gold Rush
Levi Strauss
Entrepreneur who became rich by selling denim jeans to the Gold Rush miners
Manifest Destiny
Settlement of the American West
Mexican Cession
agreement that Mexico made with the US at the end of the Mexican-American War that gave up the Southwest to the US.
Mexican-American War
1846-1848 fought over the issue of where border between Texas and Mexico should be
Mormons
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Oregon Trail
One of the main routes used by settlers going West
Republic of Texas
Texas was its own country
Sam Houston
Leader of the Texas Revolution and the first president of the Republic of Texas. Houston Texas was named after him
Santa Fe Trail
Important wagon train route used by traders in New Mexico
Stephen Austin
“Father of Texas” and Austin Texas was named after him
Subsistence Farming
Food that farmers produced were mostly used for feeding their families
Texas Annexation
War fought 1835-1836 between Texas and the Mexican government
Treaty of Guadalupe
signed by US and Mexico after US won the Mexican-American War
Wilmot Proviso
Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land from Mexico
Zachary Taylor
12th President of the US. Nickname was “Rough and Ready”
Andrew Johnson
17th President of the US. Hew was Lincoln’s Vice-President and became the President after Lincoln was assassinated
Fugitive Slave Laws
Outline procedures requirements and punishments related to return of escaped slaves to their owners
Reservation
Area of land set aside for Native Americans
Vaquero
“Cattle Herder” 1st cowboys in North America
