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American History > Ch 2 European Colonization > Flashcards

Ch 2 European Colonization Flashcards

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1
Q

Colony

A

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.

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2
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Puritan banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony because of her antinomian heresy.

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3
Q

Dutch West India Company

A

The Dutch West India Company, a trading company, had monopoly on trade from Africa to the Americas. Used during trade war against its European competitors.

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4
Q

Feudalism

A

A system of government based on landowners (lords) and tenants (vassals)

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5
Q

Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Jamestown colony leader who learned how to grow and cure tobacco; married Pocahontas.

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7
Q

Pocahontas

A

Daughter of Powhatan who warned Captain Smith of the Powhatan’s secret plan to attack Jamestown. Married John Rolfe.

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8
Q

John Winthrop

A

Puritan who became the first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of “City upon a hill”

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9
Q

Pilgrims

A

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

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10
Q

Puritans

A

English Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of Catholic elements. Staunch Calvinists.

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11
Q

Separatists

A

Wanted to separate from the Church of England

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

A formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony

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13
Q

Plymouth

A

Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.

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14
Q

Staple Crop

A

The major crop that is the basis of the diet

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15
Q

Cash Crop

A

Farm crop raised to be sold for money.

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16
Q

Roanoke

A

Missing colony founded by sir Walter Raleigh

17
Q

Roger Williams

A

Puritan minister who left Massachusetts and established Rhode Island. Later became a reformed Baptist. Elemental to the idea of separation of church and state.

18
Q

Thomas Hooker

A

Founded the settlement of Hartford, Connecticut

19
Q

William Bradford

A

Historian who led the passengers of the Mayflower & went ashore in Plymouth, Massachusetts

20
Q

New England

A

Colonies in the north whose economy were based on trade and business - MA, CT, RI, & NH.

21
Q

New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

22
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

23
Q

Middle Colonies

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

24
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

25
Q

Quakers/Religious Friends Society

A

Pacifist followers of William Penn. Believing in “new light” revelation, they established the colony of Pennsylvania so people of all religions can worship freely.

26
Q

House of Burgesses

A

1st representative assembly in American colonies (local government)

27
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

Philanthropic soldier-statesman who founded the Georgia colony

28
Q

Indentured Servant

A

Someone who signed a contract to work for someone who paid for their trip to America

29
Q

Indigo

A

A plant used to make valuable blue dye to color cotton.

30
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. (HANDS OFF)

31
Q

Adam Smith

A

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations and designed modern Capitalism

32
Q

Great Awakening

A

The religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s.

33
Q

Johnathan Edwards

A

Puritan preacher whose sermon “Sinnners in the Hand of an Angry God” sparked The Great Awakening.

34
Q

William Penn

A

Quaker who established the Pennsylvania colony and allowed religious freedom

35
Q

Phillis Wheatley

A

1753-1784 Poet who was the first African American woman to have a book of poetry published

36
Q

William Paterson

A

A delegate from New Jersey who devised the New Jersey Plan

American History (12 decks)

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