Renaissance Flashcards
Machiavelli -
- wrote The Prince
The prince
Writer: Niccoló Machiavelli
About the imperfect conduct of humans, and believed political figures could go to any expense to effectively rule and keep their rule
Humanism -
An art style that is based of classic Roman and Greek ideas, which focuses on human potential, achievements and the concept that God made us to do wonderful things
Gutenberg press -
Johann Gutenberg recreated a Chinese block printing device but it was too slow and made it movable, along with pressing all the blocks altogether simultaneously on one page.
First book printed: Bible
Importance: spreading and questioning ideas
Indulgences -
One of the main problems with the church in the renaissance where you pay money for the church to pardon your sins and believe you’ll get into heaven
Martin Luther -
Friar who starts Reformation by writing the 95 theses, posting them on the church, being copied and everyone following his ideas.
Taught: salvation through faith (no $)
Teaching needs to be based on the Bible
All people are equal (don’t need priests)
Eventually the Pope Leo 5 threatens to excommunicate him, he does nothing and get excommunicated.
Accidentally created Lutherans.
Edict of worms -
When the Catholics meet and decided to outlaw Luther and declare him a heretic which led him to being shelter by Prince Fredrick
95 theses -
Formal statements telling the church what it’s doing wrong, stapled to church door & Gutenberg press copied it, spreading ideas.
Excommunication -
Banishment from the church which denies salvation
John Calvin -
Wrote: institutes of the Christian religion
Created Calvinism: that is based on the ideas that: -only the “elect” go to heaven
-predestination: God already knows what your gonna do, it’s fated, and it’s already determined if your going or not going to heaven
-theocracy: government control by religious leader
-very strict morals
-started in Switzerland
English Henry VIII (8) -
Needs an heir, marries Catherine (bares a girl) so he wants divorce but the church (asks pope but he says no because he doesn’t wanna anger Catherine’s nephew, Charles V) won’t condone it so he creates the Anglican Church then marries Anne Boylen (bares Elizabeth) then beheads her, and continues to have 6 wives and one son, Edward: who rules at age 9 for 6 years and then Elizabeth takes over
Catherine of Aragon
Henry 8th first wife, aunt of Charles V (German king)
Daughter: Mary
Anne Boylen
Henry 8th second wife who bares Elizabeth & gets beheaded based on a claim of adultery
Annulment
Set aside marriage by proving it’s not legal ex: Vegas wedding
Anglican Church (church of England) -
English Church instigated when Henry VIII had a temper tantrum because he couldnt marry Anne Boylen, then created by Elizabeth. Contains a mix of Christian & Presbyterian views like:
Christian: robes, crucifixes
Pres: English services, clergy can marry
Queen Elizabeth 1 -
Anne Boylen’s daughter, who takes over England after Edward and Mary. She brings it back to Presbyterian views & creates the “Elizabethan Era”.
Problems: $ income $ (so she goes to America to get money)
Jesuits -
Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyala
Starts Jesuits to get people to stay Catholic & to create schools to stop the Protestant & Lutheran reformation
Huguenots
French Calvinists
Renaissance -
“Rebirth” 1350-1650
Naturalism
Art and literature based on reality
Horizon line
Where land meets sky in a painting or work of art, farthest place in painting (most depth), also called Vanishing point
Perspective
Way you create art, ideas that influence your painting
Vitruvian man
Author: Leonardo da Vinci
- shows perfect human body
- shows that we are made by God (with our hands and legs put we can create a perfect circle)