Religion Flashcards
Aryans
People in India, brought Vedas ( sacred scripture) & caste system
Indo-europeans
Nomadic people who lived in Mesopotamia
Vedas
Aryans scared literature
Caste system
Brought by the Aryan’s, after indo-Europeans and Hittites. 1) Brahmins (priests), 2) warriors, 3) traders and landowners, and 4) peasants or traders.”
Brahmins
1st level of caste system, priests, face
Kshatriyas
2nd level, Rulers and warriors, arms
Vaishyas
3nd level, peasants and traders, legs
Shudras
4th level, laborers, feet
Untouchables
Not touchable, under feet
Asian steppes
Dry glass lands above the Caucasus mts
Hinduism
Beliefs: Vedas, Upanishads(dialogue about Vedas), moksha, reincarnation, karma, caste system
gods: Brahma, Vishnu, shiva
Founder: no one founder
Brahma
Life force, the creator
Vishnu
The protector
Shiva
The destroyer
Moksha
Perfect understanding, and a release from life in this world. HINDUISM
Nirvana
BUDDHISM release from selfishness and pain
Buddhism
Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Beliefs: four noble truths, eight fold path, enlightenment, reincarnation, karma, nirvana
gods: none
Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama
Upanishads
Dialogue on Vedas, comments, meaning
Reincarnation
Rebirth until moksha & nirvana
Karma
Good or bad deeds come back around
Varna
Skin color (Aryan’s were lighter, for caste system)
Ganesh
Elephant god, learning & wisdom, me over of obstacles.
Enlightenment -
Wisdom, no suffering
Four noble truths
BUDDHISM
1: life is filled with suffering and sorrow
2: the cause of suffering is peoples selfish desire for temporary pleasures of this life
3: the way to end all suffering is to end all desire
4: the way to attain such desires and attain enlightenment is follow the eight fold path, which is called the Middle Way between desire and self desire
8 fold path
Steps of control to get to nirvana
Jainism:
Founder: Mahavira
No missionaries, tolerate all religions, do t hurt anything
Dharma
Buddhist doctrine or teachings
Sangha
Buddhist religious community
Judaism
Founder: Abraham
God: monotheistic
Canaan
Jewish promised land, The Phoenicians lived in a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea
Jew
Judaism people
Abraham.
” Father of the Jews”
Torah
1st five books of the bible, sacred Jewish writing
Covenant
Promise between God and the founder of the Jewish people
The Ark of the covenant
—— Promise between Moses and God, God would protect them and they would follow commandments.
Moses
Led Israelites out of Egypt
Exodus
When the Israelites fled Egypt, remember every year at Passover
Israel
— Canaan expanded to the north and south
Saul
“was chosen largely because of his success in driving out the Philistines from the central hills. Saul is portrayed in the Hebrew Bible as a tragic man, who was given to bouts of jealousy.”
King David
Son-in-law of Saul, “an extremely popular leader, united the tribes, established Jerusalem as the capital, and founded a dynasty.”
Solomon
David’s son, most powerful, trading, temple creation
Judah vs Israel
Israel- north
Judah- south
Tribute
Peace money paid by a weaker power to a stronger
Warring states period
Israel withhold tribute, Assyrians took over, later Judah taken over Babylonians, then Babylonians & Nebuchadnezzar took over all
Confucius
Started confusion ism
Daoism
Follow “the way” and everything balances out, created by laozi
Legalism
Hanfeizi & li is created, powerful government, use law to end civil disobedience
Civil service exam
Filial piety
Respect for ones parents and ancestors
Analects
Books of Confucius words
Bureaucracy
— A trained civil service, or those who run the government
Laozi
Created Daoism
Dao
“The way”
Shi Qin huangdi
“First emporer” first legalist emporer
Qin dynasty
After Zhou dynasty, shortest, legalist, Qin huangdi,
Autocracy
A government that has unlimited power
Yin & yang
Two powers that represent the natural rhythms of life Yin: old dark soft mysterious yang: warm bright hard clear
Great Wall of china
Created in Qin on the backs of peasants
Parts do wall
Watch Tower, the core, stone wall
Atman
Individual self, eternal soul, which identical to Brahma after enlightenment
Ashoka
Indian emperor -
Guru
Spiritual teacher for Hinduism, used for yoga
