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Greece Flashcards

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0
Q

Greek religions

A

Gods & goddesses

Main ones: Zeus(god of sky) Athena(wisdom) Poseidon(water)

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1
Q

Effect of Greece’s geography

A

Mountains = separate city states
Rivers = large navy, food from water
Not fertile soil= Small population

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2
Q

Minoans

A

Lived in Greece, specifically CRETE at very beginning

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3
Q

Mycenae

A

City of Mycenaeans, that migrated as indo-European travelers into Greece and fought a war against Troy

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4
Q

Crete

A

Large island on the edge of the Aegean Sea (under Greece) occupied by Minoans for a while

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5
Q

Dorians

A

Came into Greece after Mycenaean civilization ended, lacked language and art, but included Homer (famous poem storyteller)

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6
Q

Homer

A

Lived during the Dorian conquest, greatest storyteller, told epics

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7
Q

Epics

A

Long narrative poems including heroic deeds

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8
Q

Trojan war

A

Mycenaeans (Greek) vs. Trojans
According to legend, a Greek army besieged and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king.
Greek give Trojans- Trojan horse
Greeks win

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9
Q

Acropolis

A

Marketplace on a hill Greeks would hang out and talk politics
Why have acropolis ? Because geography- mountainous

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10
Q

Hoplites

A

During Dorian rule, and Persian wars, Foot soldiers that were in a phalanx (16x16 Greek formation)

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11
Q

Phlantax

A

During unites Greeks, during the Persian war , the army had a deadly powerful fighting force that included 16x16 hoplites with spears

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12
Q

Tyranny

A

Powerful noble or wealthy citizens, that appeal to the common people for support and seize control of the land

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13
Q

Oligarchy

A

A government ruled by a few powerful people

DO NOT HAVE TO BE RICH OR NOBLES, CAN BE TRADERS

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14
Q

Oracle of Delphi

A

Was a girl that was said to predict the future from the god Apollo (god of music, and prophecy)

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15
Q

Sparta

A

Located in Peloponnesus (southern part), military based
Gov: council of elders: proposed laws
Assembly: voted on issues
Five elected officials: carried out laws

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16
Q

Athens

A

Northern city of Greece that valued art and physical appearance
Gov: direct democracy

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17
Q

Persian war

A

Greece vs Persia: some athenians settled in northern Greece, the Persians came and took over, so the Athenians sent aid, they had a battle, the Athenians won, they sent back Pheidippides (first marathon) to tell there city to flee because it was defenseless, the Athenians came back and blocked the Persians, Xerxes fought 300 Spartans in mt pass, Athenians and Persians fought on water, alliance- Delian league, after a while they drove Persians back & ended all threats of future attacks

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18
Q

Darius

A

First Persian leader during Persian war

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19
Q

Xerxes

A

Second King of Persia during Persian wars, Darius’s son

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20
Q

Pheidippides

A

After first Persian vs Greek battle, the city was defenseless because all the men were fighting so they send Pheidippides back 26.2 miles and said “Rejoice, we conquer” and then died.
HE SAID WE NEED TO KNOW

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21
Q

Marathon

A

First Persian war battle was at marathon(northern plain) so when Pheidippides ran 26 miles they call it a marathon now
PERSIAN VS GREEKS

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22
Q

Story of Thermopylae and the 300 Spartans

A

Xerxes gathered a huge army to pummel the Greeks. 7000 Athenians & 300 Spartans held them at a pass in Thermopylae. They held off for 3 days. But a traitor told them a secret tunnel through the mountains, so the Athenians got scared and ran off. But the Spartans stayed and fought and all 300 died.

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23
Q

Delian league

A

After the Persian war, Greek unites and is called the Delian league. The capital is Athens, and lead by Pericles.

24
Q

Pericles

A

Leader of the Delian league & the golden age of Athens.

25
Q

Pericles 3 goals

A

strengthen Athenian democracy, hold and strengthen empire, glorify Athens

26
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

(Athens vs Sparta) Athens got all the taxes and Sparta got jealous and went to war. Athens was stronger by navy & Sparta by army, so Athens created a wall around their city & waited to attack them with navy. Athens had plague and a truce was signed. But Athens sent a huge fleet to nock out Syracuse but they lost terribly. Athens was able to hold off Sparta for nine more years but then surrendered.

27
Q

Polis

A

City state

28
Q

The Parthenon

A

Temple of worship made under Pericles, made by Phidias & has a statue of Athena in it, aimed to be classical art (harmony, balance, order & proportion)

29
Q

Philosopher

A

Lover of wisdom

30
Q

Socrates

A

Believed in absolute standards for truth & justice. He was a “gadfly” to the government. He got tried when he was 70 for corrupting the cities youth & neglecting the gods. He was put to death by hemlock.

31
Q

Plato

A

Taught by Socrates, wrote the Republic

32
Q

The republic

A

Book written by Plato, said to be about Socrates

33
Q

Allegory of the cave:

A

Story In the republic that is a metaphor for people and there lack of knowledge. Along with Socrates trying to guide them to the light (knowledge) and being killed.

34
Q

Aristotle

A

Plato’s pupil, created scientific method and tutors Alexander the Great

35
Q

Mount Olympus

A

Mountain in north Greek, where the Greek gods are supposed to live

36
Q

Zeus

A

Greek King god, god of the sky

37
Q

Alexander the Great

A

King of Macedonia, son of Phillip the second, took over Persia, kept going and married a Persian. Legacy: Hellenistic culture (blend of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture)

38
Q

Philip the second

A

King of Macedonia, father of Alexander, Took over Greece and was the first person to use phalanx.

39
Q

Hellenistic world

A

Blend of Persian, Egyptian and Greek cultures.

40
Q

Alexandria

A

Egyptian city on the western part of the Nile delta. Was a center of commerce & trade for the Hellenistic culture. It had an incredible museum & library.

41
Q

Epicureanism vs. stoicism

A

Epicureanism- made by Epicurus: based upon 5 senses, live for the now, achieve harmony of body and mind. DID NOT INVOLVE IN POLITICS
Stoicism- made by Zeno: live harmoniously with the will of god or the natural laws.

42
Q

Persian war was between

A

United Greek vs Persia

43
Q

Trojan war was between

A

Early Greeks (specifically Mycenaeans) vs Trojans

44
Q

Peloponnesian war was between

A

Sparta vs Athens

45
Q

Arête

A

“Excellence” Greeks strived for

46
Q

Sparta vs Athens

A

Sparta vs Athens
same: both strived for excellence, lived on not fertile soil, depended upon water
Different:
Sparta- military based, no Olympics, strong army, led by elders, elected officials, military kings and an assembly, loud strong woman who could go into the military
Athens- architecture, art and Olympic Games based, strong navy, led by a direct democracy, quiet woman who raised children

47
Q

Allegory of the cave brake down

A

Who wrote? Plato
Symbolism? The light: knowledge, darkness: ignorance, the man who try’s to help them out: Socrates
What is an allegory? A story with grater symbolism
What book is it from? The Republic

48
Q

Athena

A

Goddess of wisdom

49
Q

Monarchy

A

Type of government led by a king

50
Q

Aristocracy

A

Form of government which is led by nobles or aristocrats

51
Q

Democracy types

A

Indirect- people vote for representative - representative makes decisions (republic)
Direct- people vote on every specific issue

52
Q

Helots

A

In Sparta, peasants forced to stay on the land they worked on (slaves)

53
Q

Archimedes

A

Hellenistic (Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture) scientist, studied at Alexandria, invented screw, pi and buoyancy (what makes the boat float)

54
Q

Odysseus

A

Fought in the Trojan war, famous poem written by Homer about his 10 year journey back from the Trojan war

55
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Spreading of ideas/products from one culture to another

56
Q

Ptolemy

A

After Alexander’s death, he took over Egypt, declared himself Pharaoh & established a dynasty

57
Q

Greek theater

A

Comedy, tragedy, and drama

History (16 decks)

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