Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 23] Flashcards
herpes
skin eruption of vesicles that tends to recur in the same place
herpes type 1
-cold sores or fever blisters around the lips
-transmitted through oral secretions or open sores
herpes type 2
typically presents around genitals
-transmitted through sexual contact
herpes gladiatorum
herpes simplex appearing on back or shoulders
another name for herpes zoster
shingles
herpes zoster (shingles)
may present on face or trunk
-result of dormant chicken pox
herpes- symptoms
-tingling, itching, + soreness immediately before redness appears
-may feel ill, especially with 1st outbreak
-appear painful, fluid-filled vesicles, with crusty appearance
-typically heal within 10 days
herpes- care
-withhold athletes with active lesions from contact activity
-use PPE
-warm baths to relieve pain
-drugs (acyclovir + valtrex) either oral or topically
verracue warts- cause
-caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
-enters through lesion exposed to contaminated fields, floors, or clothing
verruca plana
flat wart
verruca plantaris
plantar wart
condyloma acuminatum
venereal wart
verrucae warts- symptoms
-small, round, elevated lesion
-rough
-dry
-may be painful with pressure
verrucae warts- care
-protect until treated by physician
-managed with topical salicylic acid preparation or liquid nitrogen + electrocautery
impetigo- cause
-common in children
-mostly during late summer + early fall
-occurs due to close contact with steptococci
impetigo- symptoms
-small pustules
-honey crusted clusters
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form
impetigo- care
-antibiotics
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open
boil- cause
-localized
-occurs due to staphylococcus in hair follicle
-athletes wearing protective equipment that contacts skin
boil- symptoms
-large
-very painful
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form
boil- care
-antibiotics
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open
folliculitis- cause
-inflammation of hair follicules
-typically around face, neck, buttocks, or groin area
folliculitis- symptoms
inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
folliculitis- care
-antibiotics
-warm compress
acne vulgaris- cause
-inflammatory disease involving hair follicles + sebaceous glands
-typically occur during puberty
-common areas of infection include face, neck, + back
acne vulgaris- symptoms
-small pustules (whiteheads, blackheads, flesh- or red-colored papules, or cysts)
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form
acne vulgaris- care
-superficial lesions may resolve on their own
-deeper, chronic ones may be chronic + require referral to physician for drugs
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- cause
-resistant to antibiotics
-typically occur in hospitalized pts with open sores
-can occur in healthy pts via direct contact (athletes, day-care workers, gym goers)
-difficult to treat
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- symptoms
-small red bumps to painful boil or abcess
-tenderness, redness, swelling
-if bloodborne, may affect joints, lungs, heart, + potentailly deadly
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- care
-cover wound
-immediate referral to physician
-may need drainage
-antibiotics for long period of time likely intravenously
another name for tinea cruris
“jock rash”
tinea cruris (jock rash)- symptoms
-bilateral, symmetrical, butterfly outline
-brown or reddish-colored
-mild to moderately itchy
tinea cruris (jock rash)- care
-treat until cured
-refer to physician if pt is not responding to treatment
-most respond to nonprescription medications (acrosols, liquids, powders, or ointments)
another name for tinea pedia
“athlete’s foot”
tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)- symptoms
-typically found between 3rd + 4th digits’ plantar surface
-may occur due to enclosed shoes + sweaty socks
-extremely itchy
-starts as small pimples that exude a yellowish serum
tinea pedia (athlete’s foot)- care
-topical antifungal cream applied one or twice daily
-good food hygiene
wrestling skin form
-infection diagnosis
-where the infection is
-how many lesions
-date of treatment started
common cold- cause
-upper respiratory track infection, result of VIRUS
typically, combination of one or more:
-overwork or lack of sleep
-chronic inflammation due to infection
-inflammation of nasal mucosa
-sensitivity to stress
common cold- symptoms
-malaise- discomfort due to illness
-headache
-sneezing
-cough
-nasal discharged- may be discolored + thick
-possibly: fever, chills, aches, pains
common cold- care
-isolation
-bed rest (avoid intense training)
-light eating
-medication PRN to alleviate symptoms
sinusitis- cause
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-upper respiratory track infection, result of BACTERIA
-nasal passages swell + block sinuses
sinusitis- symptoms
-skin over sinuses may swell + be painful
-headache
-feeling “unwell”
sinusitis- care
-nasal vasoconstrictors for drainage
-antibiotics if infection is present
another name for sore throat
pharyngitis
sore throat (pharyngitis)- cause
-results from postnasal drip
-associated with common cold or sinusitis
-may indicate viral or bacterial infection
sore throat (pharyngitis)- symptoms
-dryness in throat
-pain + swelling
-throat may be dark red + swollen
-possibly: headache, fever, chills, coughing, fatigue
sore throat (pharyngitis)- care
-topical gargle + rest
-medication PRN or antibiotics if progresses
tonsillitis- cause
-tonsils may collect pathogens + cause acute inflammation + bacterial infection
-complications include sinusitis, ear infection, or tonssilar
tonsillitis- symptoms
-inflamed, red, + swollen tonsils
-yellowish discharge
-possibly: difficulty, swallowing, high fever, chills, headache, pain in neck + back
tonsillitis- care
-culture by physician
-antibiotics for 10 days if culture is positive
-gargle with warm water, liquid diet, antifever medication
-may remove tonsils if frequently occurs
influenza- cause
-caused by virus
-recommended the general population receives a flu shot in winter
-incubation period of 48 hours, acute stage lasts up to 5 days
influenza- symptoms
-fever
-cough
-sore throat
-headache
-malaise
-runny nose
-congestion
-loss of smell
influenza- care
-isolation
-bed rest
-medication PRN
-annual vaccine
seasonal allergies (hay fever)- cause
seasonal allergy from airborne pathogens
seasonal allergies (hay fever)- symptoms
early stages:
-itchy eyes, throat, mouth, + nose
-watering eyes
-sneezing
-nasal discharge
late stages:
-sinus headache
-irritability
-difficulty sleeping
-red + swollen eyes + nasal pathways
-wheezing cough
seasonal allergies (hay fever)- care
-OTC oral antihistamines
-decongestant in morning + long-acting antihistamine prior to bed
acute bronchitis- cause
-inflammation of mucous membranes of bronchial tubes
-typically, in winter following a common cold or other viral infection
-air pollution, fatigue, malnutrition, +/or chills may be a predisposing factor
acute bronchitis- symptoms
-cough may start as dry then present with yellowish secretions
-fever from 3-5 days
-cough from 2-3+ weeks
-wheezing
acute bronchitis- care
-avoid sleeping +/or exercising in extremely cold areas
-rest
-rehydrate
-mediation PRN
asthma- cause
produced from a number of stressors
-viral respiratory track infection
-emotionally upset
-changes in barometric pressure or temperature
-exercise
-inhalation of a noxious odor
-exposure to a specific allergen
asthma- symptoms
-anxious appearance
-sweating + paleness
-flared nostrils
-breathing with pursed lips
-fast breathing
-vomiting
-hunched-over body posture
-physical fatigue unrelated to activity
-indentation in the notch below the Adam’s apple
-sinking in of rib spaces as the athlete inhales
-coughin for no apparent reason
-excess throat clearing
-irregular, labored breathing or wheezing
asthma- care
-acute attacks may be controlled by physician prescribed medications via inhalers
-if difficulty breathing persists, refer to emergency facility
exercise induced asthma- cause
-occurs almost exclusively in asthmatic patients
-exact cause is unclear
-loss of heat + water elicits greatest loss of airway reactivity
-ingestion of certain foods may cause reaction
exercise induced asthma- symptoms
-swelling of face, palms, feet
-chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing
-nausea, hypertension, diarrhea, fatigue, itching
-headaches
-redness of skin
exercise induced asthma- care
-gradually warm-up + cool-down
-acute attacks may be controlled by physician prescribed medications via inhalers
-if difficulty breathing persists, refer to emergency facility
another name for dyspepsia
indigestion
dyspepsia (indigestion)- cause
-aversion to certain foods
-emotional stress
-esophageal or stomach spasms
-inflammation of mucous lining
dyspepsia (indigestion)- signs
-sour stomach, nausea, +/or gas
-may have chest burning
-may lead to gastritis
dyspepsia (indigestion)- care
-avoid irritating foods
-develop proper eating habits
-avoid anxieties
-antiacid tablets
vomiting- cause
-results from irritation, likely to stomach, stimulating vomiting center in brain
-forceful contractions of diaphragm
vomiting- care
-antinausea medication
-fluids to prevent dehydration
-may administer fluids + electrolytes via IV if vomiting persists
diarrhea- cause
-diet
-inflammation of intestinal lining
-GI infection
-ingestion of certain drugs
-psychogenetic factors
diarrhea- signs
-abdominal cramps, nausea, +/or vomiting
-frequent elimination of stools
-possible weakness due to dehydration
diarrhea- care
-omit irritating foods
-eat bland foods until symptoms cease
-fluids to prevent dehydration
constipation- cause
-insufficient moisture in feces
-poor nutrition
-poor bowl habits
-nervous or anxious
-overuse of laxatives + enemas
constipation- signs
-hard + dry feces
-intense cramping + pain in lower abdomen
-difficulty eliminating hard-packed stool
constipation- care
-eat foods to stimulate bowel movements (cereals, fruits, veggies, fiber-filled, + fats)
-avoid laxatives or enemas unless prescribed by physician
another name for food poisoning
gastroenteritis
food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- cause
-mild to severe
-results from bacteria entering body via food or drink
-foods with improper refrigeration or infected food handler
food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- signs
-nausea, vomiting, cramps + diarrhea
-usually subside in 3-6 hours
food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- care
-refer to physician
-administer fluids + strained broths or bland foods if tolerated
-may administer fluids + electrolytes via IV if vomiting persists
GI bleeding- cause
may be due to:
-gastritis
-iron-deficiency
-anemia
-ingestion of aspirin or NSAIDS
-colitis
-stress
GI bleeding- signs
bloody stools
GI bleeding- care
refer to physician
another name for infectious mononucleosis
mono or “kissing disease”
infectious mononucleosis- cause
-acute viral disease primarily affecting young adults + children
-incubation for 4-6 weeks
-transmitted via saliva
infectious mononucleosis- signs
-3-5 day period of headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, general muscle ache
-5-15 day period of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat
-risk of enlarged spleen, jaundice, skin rash, puffy eyelids, pinkish cheeks
infectious mononucleosis- care
may resume training in 3 weeks from onset if:
-spleen not enlarged
-no fever
-liver function normal
-symptoms resolved
iron-deficiency anemia- cause
-result of low hemoglobin
-commonly due to blood loss in GI track for men
-commonly due to menstrual cycle or lack of iron in diet for women
iron-deficiency anemia- signs
-athletic performance decline
-tired or lethargic
-fatigue or nausea during training
iron-deficiency anemia- care
-refer for blood work
-increase iron + vitamin C in diet
-avoid coffee or tea
sickle cell anemia- cause
-chronic + hereditary
-“sickle-shaped” RBC
-poor oxygen transportation
-short RBC lifespan
-35% of African American population carry the trait
sickle cell anemia- signs
-sickle-cell crisis may be due to high-altitudes or elevated body temp
-fever, severe fatigue, skin pallor, muscle weakness, severe pain in limbs + abdomen, headaches, convulsion
sickle cell anemia- care
-testing for sickle-cell
-treat symptomatically–O2 treatment, anticoagulants, analgesics for pain
diabetes- cause
-hereditary disease causing high blood sugar
-body abnormally metabolizes carbs
prediabetes
higher risk of developing diabetes or heart disease
type 1 diabetes
body produces little to no insulin
-childhood onset
type 2 diabetes
pancreas produces too much insulin + resistance is developed
-older onset
type 1 diabetes- signs
-sudden symptom onset
-dry mouth
-thirst
-frequent urination
-hunger after eating
-fatigue
-blurred vision
-unexpected weight loss
type 2 diabetes- signs
-same as type 1 but ALSO…
-slow healing sores
-itching of the skin
-numbness or tingling
-irritability
-recent weight gain
-frequent infections
A1C blood test
<5.7% = normal
5.7-6.4% = prediabetes
6.5% = type 2 diabetes
diabetes- care
-monitor diet
-exercise
-insulin
epilepsy- cause
-symptom of underlying disorder
-may be genetically predisposed with low seizure threshold
-may be medically disqualified due to severity
epilepsy- symtpoms
-frequent seizures: a recurrent disorder of cerebral function characterized by a sudden, brief attack of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory phenomena, or inappropriate behavior
-may be brief or major episodes
epilepsy- care
-anticonvulsive medication
-seizure care-plan
meningitis- cause
-inflammation of meninges surrounding spinal cord + brain
-stems from meningococcus bacteria
-transmuted via nose or throat
meningitis- signs
-high fever
-stiff neck
-severe headache
-sensitivity to light + sound
-progression: vomiting, convulsions, coma
meningitis- care
-vaccine
-refer to physician if any symptoms appear for CSF evaluation
another name for hypertension
high BP
hypertension (high BP)- cause
-primary- accounts for 90% of cases
-secondary- relates to underlying cause
-prolonged high BP increases premature mortality + morbidity
hypertension (high BP)- signs
-dizziness
-nervousness
-headache
-fatigue
-epistaxis
hypertension (high BP)- care
-normal BP = 120/80 mm/Hg
-risk of death increases with pressure as low as 115/75 mm/Hg
prepubertal period
-girls are the equal of, + are often superior to, boys of the same age in activities requiring speed, strength, + endurance
-menarche, onset or menses, may be delayed by strenuous training + competition
-menarche typically occurs between 10-17 years old; average onset 13-15 years old
-effects of menstrual cycle on performance + training still being studied
amenorrhea
absence or suppression of menstruation
-ballet dancers, gymnasts, long distance runners
-may be due to thinness + hard physical training
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
-inconclusive if sports alleviate or produce dysmenorrhea
-caused by ischemia (lack of blood flow to organs)
-moderate to severe cases may need physician examination
female athletic triad
combination of 3 medical disorders
-disordered eating (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, +/or excessive exercise that leads to malnutrition)
-amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle for mroe than 6 months due to low BW)
-osteoporosis (increased risk of fx due to bone loss)
what 3 disorders makeup female athletic traid
-eating disorder
-amenorrhea
-osteoporosis
is female athletic triad reversible
yes
-reversible with normal exercise + eating patterns to increase weight + prevent further bone loss
contraceptives
-side effects include nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, + amenorrhea
-severe side effects include hypertension + hypersensitivity to sun
-should be physician guided
-multiple options including oral, IUD, NuvaRing, birth-control shot, impact in arm, transdermal patch, etc.
exercise during pregnancy
-no evidence that mild to moderate exercise is harmful
-extreme exercise may lower birth rate
-most physicians advocate for moderate activity
contraindications to exercising during pregnancy
-pregnancy-induced hypertension
-preterm rupture of membranes
-preterm labor during the prior or current pregnancy or both
-incompetent cervix or cerclage
-persistent second- or third-trimester bleeding
-intrauterine growth retardation
