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ATR2010 > Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 23] > Flashcards

Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 23] Flashcards

1
Q

herpes

A

skin eruption of vesicles that tends to recur in the same place

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2
Q

herpes type 1

A

-cold sores or fever blisters around the lips
-transmitted through oral secretions or open sores

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3
Q

herpes type 2

A

typically presents around genitals
-transmitted through sexual contact

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4
Q

herpes gladiatorum

A

herpes simplex appearing on back or shoulders

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5
Q

another name for herpes zoster

A

shingles

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6
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

may present on face or trunk
-result of dormant chicken pox

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7
Q

herpes- symptoms

A

-tingling, itching, + soreness immediately before redness appears
-may feel ill, especially with 1st outbreak
-appear painful, fluid-filled vesicles, with crusty appearance
-typically heal within 10 days

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8
Q

herpes- care

A

-withhold athletes with active lesions from contact activity
-use PPE
-warm baths to relieve pain
-drugs (acyclovir + valtrex) either oral or topically

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9
Q

verracue warts- cause

A

-caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
-enters through lesion exposed to contaminated fields, floors, or clothing

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10
Q

verruca plana

A

flat wart

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11
Q

verruca plantaris

A

plantar wart

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12
Q

condyloma acuminatum

A

venereal wart

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13
Q

verrucae warts- symptoms

A

-small, round, elevated lesion
-rough
-dry
-may be painful with pressure

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14
Q

verrucae warts- care

A

-protect until treated by physician
-managed with topical salicylic acid preparation or liquid nitrogen + electrocautery

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15
Q

impetigo- cause

A

-common in children
-mostly during late summer + early fall
-occurs due to close contact with steptococci

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16
Q

impetigo- symptoms

A

-small pustules
-honey crusted clusters
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form

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17
Q

impetigo- care

A

-antibiotics
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open

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18
Q

boil- cause

A

-localized
-occurs due to staphylococcus in hair follicle
-athletes wearing protective equipment that contacts skin

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19
Q

boil- symptoms

A

-large
-very painful
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form

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20
Q

boil- care

A

-antibiotics
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open

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21
Q

folliculitis- cause

A

-inflammation of hair follicules
-typically around face, neck, buttocks, or groin area

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22
Q

folliculitis- symptoms

A

inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)

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23
Q

folliculitis- care

A

-antibiotics
-warm compress

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24
Q

acne vulgaris- cause

A

-inflammatory disease involving hair follicles + sebaceous glands
-typically occur during puberty
-common areas of infection include face, neck, + back

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25
Q

acne vulgaris- symptoms

A

-small pustules (whiteheads, blackheads, flesh- or red-colored papules, or cysts)
-inflammation (tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
-pus may form

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26
Q

acne vulgaris- care

A

-superficial lesions may resolve on their own
-deeper, chronic ones may be chronic + require referral to physician for drugs
-warm compress
-allow drainage if open

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27
Q

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- cause

A

-resistant to antibiotics
-typically occur in hospitalized pts with open sores
-can occur in healthy pts via direct contact (athletes, day-care workers, gym goers)
-difficult to treat

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28
Q

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- symptoms

A

-small red bumps to painful boil or abcess
-tenderness, redness, swelling
-if bloodborne, may affect joints, lungs, heart, + potentailly deadly

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29
Q

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- care

A

-cover wound
-immediate referral to physician
-may need drainage
-antibiotics for long period of time likely intravenously

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30
Q

another name for tinea cruris

A

“jock rash”

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31
Q

tinea cruris (jock rash)- symptoms

A

-bilateral, symmetrical, butterfly outline
-brown or reddish-colored
-mild to moderately itchy

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32
Q

tinea cruris (jock rash)- care

A

-treat until cured
-refer to physician if pt is not responding to treatment
-most respond to nonprescription medications (acrosols, liquids, powders, or ointments)

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33
Q

another name for tinea pedia

A

“athlete’s foot”

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34
Q

tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)- symptoms

A

-typically found between 3rd + 4th digits’ plantar surface
-may occur due to enclosed shoes + sweaty socks
-extremely itchy
-starts as small pimples that exude a yellowish serum

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35
Q

tinea pedia (athlete’s foot)- care

A

-topical antifungal cream applied one or twice daily
-good food hygiene

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36
Q

wrestling skin form

A

-infection diagnosis
-where the infection is
-how many lesions
-date of treatment started

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37
Q

common cold- cause

A

-upper respiratory track infection, result of VIRUS

typically, combination of one or more:
-overwork or lack of sleep
-chronic inflammation due to infection
-inflammation of nasal mucosa
-sensitivity to stress

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38
Q

common cold- symptoms

A

-malaise- discomfort due to illness
-headache
-sneezing
-cough
-nasal discharged- may be discolored + thick
-possibly: fever, chills, aches, pains

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39
Q

common cold- care

A

-isolation
-bed rest (avoid intense training)
-light eating
-medication PRN to alleviate symptoms

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40
Q

sinusitis- cause

`

A

-upper respiratory track infection, result of BACTERIA
-nasal passages swell + block sinuses

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41
Q

sinusitis- symptoms

A

-skin over sinuses may swell + be painful
-headache
-feeling “unwell”

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42
Q

sinusitis- care

A

-nasal vasoconstrictors for drainage
-antibiotics if infection is present

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43
Q

another name for sore throat

A

pharyngitis

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44
Q

sore throat (pharyngitis)- cause

A

-results from postnasal drip
-associated with common cold or sinusitis
-may indicate viral or bacterial infection

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45
Q

sore throat (pharyngitis)- symptoms

A

-dryness in throat
-pain + swelling
-throat may be dark red + swollen
-possibly: headache, fever, chills, coughing, fatigue

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46
Q

sore throat (pharyngitis)- care

A

-topical gargle + rest
-medication PRN or antibiotics if progresses

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47
Q

tonsillitis- cause

A

-tonsils may collect pathogens + cause acute inflammation + bacterial infection
-complications include sinusitis, ear infection, or tonssilar

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48
Q

tonsillitis- symptoms

A

-inflamed, red, + swollen tonsils
-yellowish discharge
-possibly: difficulty, swallowing, high fever, chills, headache, pain in neck + back

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49
Q

tonsillitis- care

A

-culture by physician
-antibiotics for 10 days if culture is positive
-gargle with warm water, liquid diet, antifever medication
-may remove tonsils if frequently occurs

50
Q

influenza- cause

A

-caused by virus
-recommended the general population receives a flu shot in winter
-incubation period of 48 hours, acute stage lasts up to 5 days

51
Q

influenza- symptoms

A

-fever
-cough
-sore throat
-headache
-malaise
-runny nose
-congestion
-loss of smell

52
Q

influenza- care

A

-isolation
-bed rest
-medication PRN
-annual vaccine

53
Q

seasonal allergies (hay fever)- cause

A

seasonal allergy from airborne pathogens

54
Q

seasonal allergies (hay fever)- symptoms

A

early stages:
-itchy eyes, throat, mouth, + nose
-watering eyes
-sneezing
-nasal discharge

late stages:
-sinus headache
-irritability
-difficulty sleeping
-red + swollen eyes + nasal pathways
-wheezing cough

55
Q

seasonal allergies (hay fever)- care

A

-OTC oral antihistamines
-decongestant in morning + long-acting antihistamine prior to bed

56
Q

acute bronchitis- cause

A

-inflammation of mucous membranes of bronchial tubes
-typically, in winter following a common cold or other viral infection
-air pollution, fatigue, malnutrition, +/or chills may be a predisposing factor

57
Q

acute bronchitis- symptoms

A

-cough may start as dry then present with yellowish secretions
-fever from 3-5 days
-cough from 2-3+ weeks
-wheezing

58
Q

acute bronchitis- care

A

-avoid sleeping +/or exercising in extremely cold areas
-rest
-rehydrate
-mediation PRN

59
Q

asthma- cause

A

produced from a number of stressors
-viral respiratory track infection
-emotionally upset
-changes in barometric pressure or temperature
-exercise
-inhalation of a noxious odor
-exposure to a specific allergen

60
Q

asthma- symptoms

A

-anxious appearance
-sweating + paleness
-flared nostrils
-breathing with pursed lips
-fast breathing
-vomiting
-hunched-over body posture
-physical fatigue unrelated to activity
-indentation in the notch below the Adam’s apple
-sinking in of rib spaces as the athlete inhales
-coughin for no apparent reason
-excess throat clearing
-irregular, labored breathing or wheezing

61
Q

asthma- care

A

-acute attacks may be controlled by physician prescribed medications via inhalers
-if difficulty breathing persists, refer to emergency facility

62
Q

exercise induced asthma- cause

A

-occurs almost exclusively in asthmatic patients
-exact cause is unclear
-loss of heat + water elicits greatest loss of airway reactivity
-ingestion of certain foods may cause reaction

63
Q

exercise induced asthma- symptoms

A

-swelling of face, palms, feet
-chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing
-nausea, hypertension, diarrhea, fatigue, itching
-headaches
-redness of skin

64
Q

exercise induced asthma- care

A

-gradually warm-up + cool-down
-acute attacks may be controlled by physician prescribed medications via inhalers
-if difficulty breathing persists, refer to emergency facility

65
Q

another name for dyspepsia

A

indigestion

66
Q

dyspepsia (indigestion)- cause

A

-aversion to certain foods
-emotional stress
-esophageal or stomach spasms
-inflammation of mucous lining

67
Q

dyspepsia (indigestion)- signs

A

-sour stomach, nausea, +/or gas
-may have chest burning
-may lead to gastritis

68
Q

dyspepsia (indigestion)- care

A

-avoid irritating foods
-develop proper eating habits
-avoid anxieties
-antiacid tablets

69
Q

vomiting- cause

A

-results from irritation, likely to stomach, stimulating vomiting center in brain
-forceful contractions of diaphragm

70
Q

vomiting- care

A

-antinausea medication
-fluids to prevent dehydration
-may administer fluids + electrolytes via IV if vomiting persists

71
Q

diarrhea- cause

A

-diet
-inflammation of intestinal lining
-GI infection
-ingestion of certain drugs
-psychogenetic factors

72
Q

diarrhea- signs

A

-abdominal cramps, nausea, +/or vomiting
-frequent elimination of stools
-possible weakness due to dehydration

73
Q

diarrhea- care

A

-omit irritating foods
-eat bland foods until symptoms cease
-fluids to prevent dehydration

74
Q

constipation- cause

A

-insufficient moisture in feces
-poor nutrition
-poor bowl habits
-nervous or anxious
-overuse of laxatives + enemas

75
Q

constipation- signs

A

-hard + dry feces
-intense cramping + pain in lower abdomen
-difficulty eliminating hard-packed stool

76
Q

constipation- care

A

-eat foods to stimulate bowel movements (cereals, fruits, veggies, fiber-filled, + fats)
-avoid laxatives or enemas unless prescribed by physician

77
Q

another name for food poisoning

A

gastroenteritis

78
Q

food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- cause

A

-mild to severe
-results from bacteria entering body via food or drink
-foods with improper refrigeration or infected food handler

79
Q

food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- signs

A

-nausea, vomiting, cramps + diarrhea
-usually subside in 3-6 hours

80
Q

food poisoning (gastroenteritis)- care

A

-refer to physician
-administer fluids + strained broths or bland foods if tolerated
-may administer fluids + electrolytes via IV if vomiting persists

81
Q

GI bleeding- cause

A

may be due to:
-gastritis
-iron-deficiency
-anemia
-ingestion of aspirin or NSAIDS
-colitis
-stress

82
Q

GI bleeding- signs

A

bloody stools

83
Q

GI bleeding- care

A

refer to physician

84
Q

another name for infectious mononucleosis

A

mono or “kissing disease”

85
Q

infectious mononucleosis- cause

A

-acute viral disease primarily affecting young adults + children
-incubation for 4-6 weeks
-transmitted via saliva

86
Q

infectious mononucleosis- signs

A

-3-5 day period of headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, general muscle ache

-5-15 day period of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat

-risk of enlarged spleen, jaundice, skin rash, puffy eyelids, pinkish cheeks

87
Q

infectious mononucleosis- care

A

may resume training in 3 weeks from onset if:
-spleen not enlarged
-no fever
-liver function normal
-symptoms resolved

88
Q

iron-deficiency anemia- cause

A

-result of low hemoglobin
-commonly due to blood loss in GI track for men
-commonly due to menstrual cycle or lack of iron in diet for women

89
Q

iron-deficiency anemia- signs

A

-athletic performance decline
-tired or lethargic
-fatigue or nausea during training

90
Q

iron-deficiency anemia- care

A

-refer for blood work
-increase iron + vitamin C in diet
-avoid coffee or tea

91
Q

sickle cell anemia- cause

A

-chronic + hereditary
-“sickle-shaped” RBC
-poor oxygen transportation
-short RBC lifespan
-35% of African American population carry the trait

92
Q

sickle cell anemia- signs

A

-sickle-cell crisis may be due to high-altitudes or elevated body temp
-fever, severe fatigue, skin pallor, muscle weakness, severe pain in limbs + abdomen, headaches, convulsion

93
Q

sickle cell anemia- care

A

-testing for sickle-cell
-treat symptomatically–O2 treatment, anticoagulants, analgesics for pain

94
Q

diabetes- cause

A

-hereditary disease causing high blood sugar
-body abnormally metabolizes carbs

95
Q

prediabetes

A

higher risk of developing diabetes or heart disease

96
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

body produces little to no insulin
-childhood onset

97
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

pancreas produces too much insulin + resistance is developed
-older onset

98
Q

type 1 diabetes- signs

A

-sudden symptom onset
-dry mouth
-thirst
-frequent urination
-hunger after eating
-fatigue
-blurred vision
-unexpected weight loss

99
Q

type 2 diabetes- signs

A

-same as type 1 but ALSO…
-slow healing sores
-itching of the skin
-numbness or tingling
-irritability
-recent weight gain
-frequent infections

100
Q

A1C blood test

A

<5.7% = normal
5.7-6.4% = prediabetes
6.5% = type 2 diabetes

101
Q

diabetes- care

A

-monitor diet
-exercise
-insulin

102
Q

epilepsy- cause

A

-symptom of underlying disorder
-may be genetically predisposed with low seizure threshold
-may be medically disqualified due to severity

103
Q

epilepsy- symtpoms

A

-frequent seizures: a recurrent disorder of cerebral function characterized by a sudden, brief attack of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory phenomena, or inappropriate behavior
-may be brief or major episodes

104
Q

epilepsy- care

A

-anticonvulsive medication
-seizure care-plan

105
Q

meningitis- cause

A

-inflammation of meninges surrounding spinal cord + brain
-stems from meningococcus bacteria
-transmuted via nose or throat

106
Q

meningitis- signs

A

-high fever
-stiff neck
-severe headache
-sensitivity to light + sound
-progression: vomiting, convulsions, coma

107
Q

meningitis- care

A

-vaccine
-refer to physician if any symptoms appear for CSF evaluation

108
Q

another name for hypertension

A

high BP

109
Q

hypertension (high BP)- cause

A

-primary- accounts for 90% of cases
-secondary- relates to underlying cause
-prolonged high BP increases premature mortality + morbidity

110
Q

hypertension (high BP)- signs

A

-dizziness
-nervousness
-headache
-fatigue
-epistaxis

111
Q

hypertension (high BP)- care

A

-normal BP = 120/80 mm/Hg
-risk of death increases with pressure as low as 115/75 mm/Hg

112
Q

prepubertal period

A

-girls are the equal of, + are often superior to, boys of the same age in activities requiring speed, strength, + endurance
-menarche, onset or menses, may be delayed by strenuous training + competition
-menarche typically occurs between 10-17 years old; average onset 13-15 years old
-effects of menstrual cycle on performance + training still being studied

113
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence or suppression of menstruation
-ballet dancers, gymnasts, long distance runners
-may be due to thinness + hard physical training

114
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation
-inconclusive if sports alleviate or produce dysmenorrhea
-caused by ischemia (lack of blood flow to organs)
-moderate to severe cases may need physician examination

115
Q

female athletic triad

A

combination of 3 medical disorders
-disordered eating (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, +/or excessive exercise that leads to malnutrition)
-amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle for mroe than 6 months due to low BW)
-osteoporosis (increased risk of fx due to bone loss)

116
Q

what 3 disorders makeup female athletic traid

A

-eating disorder
-amenorrhea
-osteoporosis

117
Q

is female athletic triad reversible

A

yes
-reversible with normal exercise + eating patterns to increase weight + prevent further bone loss

118
Q

contraceptives

A

-side effects include nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, + amenorrhea
-severe side effects include hypertension + hypersensitivity to sun
-should be physician guided
-multiple options including oral, IUD, NuvaRing, birth-control shot, impact in arm, transdermal patch, etc.

119
Q

exercise during pregnancy

A

-no evidence that mild to moderate exercise is harmful
-extreme exercise may lower birth rate
-most physicians advocate for moderate activity

120
Q

contraindications to exercising during pregnancy

A

-pregnancy-induced hypertension
-preterm rupture of membranes
-preterm labor during the prior or current pregnancy or both
-incompetent cervix or cerclage
-persistent second- or third-trimester bleeding
-intrauterine growth retardation

ATR2010 (11 decks)

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