Quiz 1 [CH 1-3] Flashcards
sports medicine
-a broad field of health care related to physical activity + sport
-prevention + treatment of diseases + injuries related to sports are also included in this definition
what do clinicians in sports medicine do
-work to improve + maintain an individual’s functional capacities for sport
-try to get patients back to whatever their activities are
-ex: baseball player injures his shoulder…physical therapy prescribed to increase strength + ROM
-physical therapist may be part of treatment, but they could also see an AT, their strength + conditioning coach, team coach, physician, sports psychologist, sports nutritionist/dietitian, etc.
2 branches of sports medicine
-human performance
-injury management
what falls under the human performance branch of sports medicine
-exercise physiology
-biomechanics
-sport psychology
-sports nutrition
-strength + conditioning
what falls under the injury management branch of sports medicine
-practice of medicine
-athletic training
-physical therapist
-sports dentistry
-EMT
human performance or injury management?:
exercise physiology
human performance
human performance or injury management?:
biomechanics
human performance
human performance or injury management?:
practice of medicine
injury management
human performance or injury management?:
athletic training
injury management
human performance or injury management?:
sport psychology
human performance
human performance or injury management?:
physical therapist
injury management
human performance or injury management?:
sports nutrition
human performance
human performance or injury management?:
strength and conditioning
human performance
human performance or injury management?:
sports dentistry
injury management
human performance or injury management?:
EMT
injury management
what do sports medicine organizations do
dictate the roles the members play in providing health care
3 goals of sports medicine organizations
- enhance the field by devising a set of professional standards
- bring together individuals to exchange ideas + promote critical thinking
- give individuals an opportunity to work as a group
AOSSM (American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine)
sports medicine organization for people going into medical studies like physicians, PAs, etc.
American Academy of Pediatrics
-sports medicine organization that oversees anyone that is injured in high school or below
-oversees other things BESIDES orthopedics that happens to a child
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
sports medicine organization that oversees physical therapists
NATA (National Athletic Trainers Association)
sports medicine organization that oversees ATs
NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics Association)
sports medicine organizatoin that oversees student athletics in COLLEGE sports
healthcare in organized activity:
-competitive/noncompetitive?
-has or doesn’t have team or league involvement (ex: high school, college, professional)
-who are sports medicine team hired by?
-competitive
-has a team or league, some type of organizational structure (NFL, NHL, NCAA)
-sports medicine team hired part/full time by the school or organization
healthcare in recreational activity:
-competitive/noncompetitive?
-has or doesn’t have team or league involvement (ex: high school, college, professional)
-who are sports medicine team hired by?
-noncompetitive, for leisure
-doesn’t have formal structure of organization; there still might be leagues but less formal
-athletes do get healthcare but it is provided on a fee for service basis where the athlete has to pay for it
physician responsibilities
-make sure people don’t DIE
-compiling medical history + conducting physical exams
-diagnosing injury
-deciding on disqualification
-attend practices + games
3 biggest things for disqualification
-head injuries
-respiratory
-cardiac
steps to become a physician
-earn bachelor’s degree
-take MCAT
-apply to medical school
-earn medical degree
-complete residency
-obtain licensure
athletic trainer responsibilities
-injury prevention + health promotion
-clinical examination + diagnosis
-acute care of injury + illness (if someone drops on field the AT is the first person there)
-therapeautic intervention
-psychosocial strategies + referral
-health care administration (paperwork)
-professional development + responsibility in educating the public
are athletic trainers personal trainers
NO
steps to become an AT
-earn a master’s degree from a professional level program
-take + pass the BOC exam
-apply to liscensure
different settings for an AT
not just sports, ATs treat anyone that is ACTIVE
-military
-industrial
-physician’s office
-hospital
-secondary school
-college
-performing arts
main difference between AT + PT
PTs work with entire population, ATs work primarily with active people
what job setting are majority of ATs found?
what about least amount?
most- college + university
least- professional sports
how many ATs per professional team
2-4
strength + conditioning coach responsibilities
-makes sure athletes are fit + makes them the best they can be
-must collaborate with healthcare professionals to compromise on what athlete can/can’t do
how to become a S&C coach
-each bachelor’s degree
-become CPR/AED certified
-pass certification exam (most common is CSCS)
personal fitness trainers responsibilities
-design a comprehensive exercise program for an individual client based on person’s health history + training goals
-certified in CPR/AED
coach responsibilities
-must understand the limits of their ability to function as a healthcare provider
-must ensure protective equipment is of highest quality + properly fitted
-SHOULD be certified in CPR/AED
-continued education
athletic administrator responsibilities
-hires personnel who will make up sports medicine team
-ensures those hired have correct credentials
-establish budget for funding all aspects of athletic healthcare program including salaries + supplies
3 main money-making sports
MEN’S football, baseball, basketball
the major concern of everyone on the sports medicine team should always be the ____
athlete
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability + Accountability Act)
you can only discuss the patient with relevant physicians to their case
other members of sports medicine team
-nurse
-derm
-gyno
-internist
-podiatrist
-so many others
what must we have to protect us legally
policies + procedures
1998 American Academy of Pediatrics policy
recommended that certified AT’s be employed in all high school athletic programs
-this was only a RECOMMENDATION + thus not super enforceable
-while only a recommendation, this helped the field of athletic training
public/private high schools- which has more ATs
public schools have more
-this is because public schools are a reactive market to legislation; aka, if someone dies in a public school system there is more risk
more deaths have occurred in public/private high schools
public
what state has the lowest % full time ATs
Alaska
which state has highest % ATs
New Jersey
-due to deaths + ultimately a statewide mandate for schools to have ATs
what is the second state with the highest % ATs
Hawaii
which state has a statewide mandate for schools to have ATs
New Jersey
-due to many deaths
what must be made available in case of emergency
emergency phones
-walkie talkies can be useful too
emergency action plan
a systematic plan for accessing the emergency medical system + transport of athlete to emergency care facility
-basically tells people to call 911 + provides instructions on how to get in
-super prescripted + must be followed to a T
-there are hand/body signals used for big emergencies
why are there hand/body signals for big emergencies
-field is super loud
-you don’t want to create panic
records are useful for
-legal concerns are biggest reason
-monitoring patient progress
-knowing medical history for complications/treatment
-effective communication between physicians
pre-participation exams include what 5 things
-medical history (past medical problems)
-orthopedic screening (ROM/joint stability)
-sport disqualification (head, respiratory, cardio)
-physical assessment (height, weight, vitals, etc.)
-maturity assessment (Tanners stages of maturity)
FERPA (Family Educational Rights + Privacy Act)
protects educational records
-used for when athletes are still students
injury reports
-serve as record for future reference of all injury reports
-this would happen when someone has a new injury
treatment log
-basically a sign in sheet to let people know the athlete got treatment on a given day
-could be used to keep record of how much the athlete has been seen
injury evaluation + progress notes
during an evaluation, info is recorded in some form
inventory reports
keeps track of supplies, equipment, etc. of the athletic facility
what are budget records used for
used to project following years budgetary needs
-concerns contracts with physicians, postage, ongoing maintenance of equipment
supplies
expendable items including tape + massage lotion
equipment
non-expendable, something you can use MULTIPLE TIMES
fixed equipment
stays in medical space
nonfixed equipment
things that get taken outside medical facility
supplies or equipment:
tape
supplies
supplies or equipment: massage lotion
supplies
supplies or equipment:
scissors
equipment
supplies or equipment:
medical bag
equipment
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
ice maker
fixed
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
weights
fixed
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
therapeautic modalities
fixed
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
blankets
nonfixed
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
scissors
nonfixed
fixed or nonfixed equipment:
training kits
nonfixed
what guidelines must athletic health care facility meet
OSHA guidelines
what must athletic healthcare facility be located immediately adjacent to
mens/womens locker rooms
what else must athletic healthcare facility have
outside entrace to avoid bringing athletes through the building
standard of reasonable care
assumes that an individual is a person to reasonable + ordinary prudence
negligence
the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care
torts
legal wrongs committed against a person
nonfeasance, omission
an individual fails to perform a legal duty
nonfeasance example
someone drops on the court + we do an AED but forget to turn it on
malfeasance, commission
an individual commits an act that is not legally theirs to perform
malfeasance example
if someone is choking + youu perform a procedure you aren’t trained to do
misfeasance
an individual does something improperly that they have the legal right to do
misfeasance example
not fully cleaning a cut
to determine negligence, what must be established
duty of care
how is negligence determined
- duty of care is established
- breach of duty occurred, directly causing an injury or resulting in other injuries or damages
Good Samaritan law
most states have a law protecting someone who chooses to provide first aid
-this doesn’t apply to people with legal duty determined by their job, but rather a physician on a plane crash etc.
statue of limitation
there is a specific timeframe that one may sue for damages from negligence
assumption of risk
the individual, through expressed or implied agreement, assumes that some risk/danger will be involved in the undertaking
to reduce liability, what must be done to protective equipment or other products used
follow guidelines according to manufacturer
-do NOT: modify equipment or employ improper usage
National Operation Committee on Standard for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)
sets the standard for football helmets
how frequent must football helmets be recertified
minimum of every 2 years
general health insurance
a contract between insurance company + policy holder
-this is pretty much what everyone has
secondary health insurance
typically covers the remaining medical bills after the primary plan has paid
-provided by most schools for athletes
accident insurance
covers student injuries that may occur on school grounds
-likely limited in coverage
-probably won’t be used for an athletic injury because not an accident
-an accident would be if someone fell downstairs at lecture hall
catastrophic insurance
uncommon but for severe or life-altering injuries that may not be fully covered by general health insurance
-if you have an injury that is bad enough to either cause death or some permanent disability, this would kick in for a last option backup so the athlete wouldn’t have a ton of out of pocket costs
HMO (health maintenance organizations)
must recieve preapproval prior to treatment with the exception of emergencies
-treatments within HMO approved facilities will likely be fully covered
-highly specialized to specific doctors/providers that must be part of the network
-pay a higher premium but they cover much more than other insurance plans
PPO (preferred provider organizations)
may only go to approved providers for coverage
-provider must still be part of the network for PPO
POS (point of service plan)
a combination of HMOs + PPOs
-based on HMO structure, but members may go outside the HMO for services
Medicaid
for patients with low income
Medicare
for elderly/disabled patients
what insurance plan swings the market the most
Medicare
on the sports medicine team, who must have personal liability insurance
ALL members of the sports medicine team, including non-medical personnel
when the plantiff sues following an accident, who will they most likely sue
everyone involved in the case such as coaching staff, healthcare team, + administrators
where does personal liability insurance usually come from
the company
if you get sued, what comes into play
personal liability insurance
