Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATR2010 > Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 22] > Flashcards

Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 22] Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of the head

A

-skull
-brain
-meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

skull

A

composed of 22 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

brain

A

-contained within the bony cavity of the cranium
-divided into 4 sections
-cerebrum coordinates all voluntary muscle activities + higher mental functions
-cerebellum = balance + coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebrum function

A

coordinates all voluntary muscle activities + higher mental functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebellum function

A

balance + coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meninges

A

3 membranes that protect the brain + spinal cord
-dura mater, outer
-arachnoid, middle
-pia mater, inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

outer meninges

A

dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

middle meninges

A

arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inner meninges

A

pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

assessing head injuries- history

A

-do you know where you are?
-can you tell me what happened to you?
-does your head hurt?
-do you have any pain in your neck?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

assessing head injuries- observation

A

-is the athlete able to tell where he or she is?
-is there a blank or vacant stare?
-are there delayed verbal + motor responses?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

assessing head injuries- palpation

A

palpation of the skull to identify areas of point tenderness or deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

special tests for head injuries

A

-neurological exam
-eye function (PEARL- pupils, equal, accommodate, round + light)
-balance tests
-coordination tests
-cognitive tests (SCAT 5, IMPACT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes brain injuries special

A

-most of the time brain injuries won’t show up in imaging, so must base diagnosis more off symptoms
-a lot of athletes lie so they can get back into the game- to avoid this, do baseline tests so you can compare after brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

skull fx- cause

A

-blunt trauma
-baseball to the head or fall from a height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

skull fx- signs

A

-severe headache + nausea
-palpation may reveal skull indentation
-racoon eyes or battle’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

racoon eyes

A

bruising in a butterfly pattern on the face
-2 black eyes at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

battle’s sign

A

-bruising on the back of the ear
-indicates baselar skull fx, aka broken base of the skull
-important because a lot of the stuff that keeps you alive goes through the base of your skull
-HIGH DEATH RISK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

skull fx- care

A

-immediate hospitalization
-referral to neurosurgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

concussion- cause

A

-a type of traumatic brain injury
-trauma-induced alternation of mental status
-direct blow to the head by some object (ball or other player)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

concussion- signs

A

-headache
-dizziness
-LOC (loss of consciousness)
-feeling “in a fog”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

concussion- care

A

-a concussion is a concussion, there is no such thing as a “mild concussion”
-athlete must be removed from competition
-not allowed to return to competition until cleared by a physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

post concussion syndrome- cause

A

poorly understood condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

post concussion syndrome- signs

A

-persistent headache
-impaired memory
-lack of concentration
-irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

post concussion syndrome- care

A

-no clear-cut treatment
-athlete shouldn’t be allowed to return to play until all the symptoms of this condition have resolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

school recommendations for return to learning protocol

A

-cognitive rest 1-3 days- yoga, meditation, no screen use
-light cognitive- listening to music, playing familiar games
-1/2 school days
-full school days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

second impact syndrome- cause

A

result of rapid swelling of the brain following a second concussion occurring before the symptoms of a previous concussion have been resolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

second impact syndrome- signs

A

-within 15 seconds to several minutes, the condition worsens rapidly
-dilated pupils
-LOC
-coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

second impact syndrome- care

A

-life-threatening emergency
-must be dealt with within 5 minutes by dramatic life saving measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cerebral contusion- care

A

usually results from an impact injury in which the head strikes a stationary immovable object such as the floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cerebral contusion- signs

A

-LOC
-neurological exam is normal
-headache
-dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cerebral contusion- care

A

hospitalization with a variety of imaging tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

epidural hematoma- cause

A

a blow to the head that can cause a tear of the meningeal arteries embedded in bony grooves in the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

epidural hematoma- signs

A

-symptoms worsen quickly
-LOC
-severe head pain
-dizziness
-nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

epidural hematoma- care

A

-life-threatening
-CT scan to diagnose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

subdural hematoma- cause

A

-results from acceleration/deceleration forces that tear vessels that bridge the dura mater + the brain
-signs tend to appear more slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

subdural hematoma- signs

A

-may be unconscious
-headache
-dizziness
-dilation of 1 pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

subdural hematoma- care

A

-life threatening
-CT or MRI necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

migraine headaches- cause

A

-exact cause unknown
-may be caused by a vascular disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

migraine headaches- signs

A

-flashes of light
-blindness in half of the field of vision
-severe headache
-nausea + vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

migraine headaches- care

A

-best management is prevention
-prophylactic medications to reduce recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

mandible fx- cause

A

-most often occur in collision sports
-direct blow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

mandible fx- signs

A

-deformity
-pain when biting down
-bleeding around teeth

44
Q

mandible fx- care

A

-temporary immobilization with an elastic bandage
-full activity can be resumed in 2-3 months with appropriate special headgear + customized mouthguard

45
Q

zygomatic complex (cheekbone) fx- cause

A

direct blow to the cheekbone

46
Q

zygomatic complex (cheekbone) fx- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-nosebleed (epistaxis)
-seeing double (diplopia)

47
Q

zygomatic complex (cheekbone) fx- care

A

-cold application for edema control
-healing takes 6-8 weeks
-proper protective gear when returning

48
Q

facial laceration- cause

A

direct impact to the fact with a sharp object

49
Q

facial laceration- signs

A

-obvious tearing of the epidermis, dermis, + often the subcutaneous of the skin
-substantial bleeding

50
Q

facial laceration- care

A

-refer to physician for suturing
-systemic antibiotics to avoid infection

51
Q

what is a tooth made of

A

a composite of mineral salts
-calcium + phosphorus

52
Q

crown

A

portion protruding from the gum
-top part of tooth

53
Q

root

A

-extends into the alveolar bone of the mouth
-nerves + blood vessels below the root

54
Q

tooth fx- cause

A

-any impact to the upper or lower jaw
-direct trauma

55
Q

tooth fx- signs

A

-depends on depth of the fx
-uncomplicated crown fx no bleeding
-root fx has bleeding in the gum

56
Q

tooth fx- care

A

-athlete referred to a dentist for further eval
-x-ray

57
Q

tooth subluxation, luxation, + avulsion- cause

A

direct blow to the mouth

58
Q

tooth subluxation, luxation, + avulsion- signs

A

-tooth loosened
-tooth totally dislodged
-may not have pain
-avulsion- tooth knocked completely out of the mouth

59
Q

tooth subluxation, luxation, + avulsion- care

A

-for subluxation + luxation, no immediate treatment required…see dentist within 48 hours
-for avulsion, the athlete should be referred immediately

-the sooner the tooth can be re-implanted the better the prognosis

60
Q

nasal fx- cause

A

direct blow to the nose
-from the side or straight frontal force

61
Q

nasal fx- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-swelling
-bleeding

62
Q

nasal fx- care

A

control bleeding + refer athlete to a physician for an x-ray + reduction of the fx

63
Q

septal hematoma- cause

A

-due to the fx of the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum
-forceful blow to the nasal tip

64
Q

septal hematoma- signs

A

-persistent low-grade pain in the septal area
-persistent nasal congestion
-symptoms don’t show for at least 24-48 hours after nasal injury

65
Q

septal hematoma- care

A

hematoma must be drained

66
Q

another name for nosebleed

A

epistaxis

67
Q

nosebleed (epistaxis)- cause

A

-direct blow to the nose
-sinus infection
-high humidity
-nasal dryness

68
Q

nosebleed (epistaxis)- signs

A

obvious bleeding

69
Q

nosebleed (epistaxis)- care

A

-sit upright with cold compress placed over nose
-control bleeding

70
Q

external ear (2)

A

-pinna
-external auditory canal

71
Q

middle ear (1)

A

tympanic membrane

72
Q

internal ear (1)

A

cochlea

73
Q

another name for auricular hematoma

A

cauliflower ear

74
Q

auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)- cause

A

-compression
-shearing

75
Q

auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)- signs

A

-hemorrhage
-fluid accumulation
-fibrosis outer ear

76
Q

auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)- care

A

-headgear reduces chances of developing hematoma
-cold pack immediately
-aspiration may be required

77
Q

tympanic membrane rupture- cause

A

-fall or slap to the unprotected ear
-sudden underwater pressure variation

78
Q

tympanic membrane rupture- signs

A

-athlete c/o loud pop followed by ear pain
-nausea + vomiting
-dizziness

79
Q

tympanic membrane rupture- care

A

usually heals within 1-2 weeks

80
Q

another name for swimmers ear

A

otitis externa

81
Q

swimmers ear (otitis externa)- cause

A

-bacterial infection of the ear canal
-water trapped in ear

82
Q

swimmers ear (otitis externa)- signs

A

-itching
-discharge
-partial hearing loss

83
Q

swimmers ear (otitis externa)- care

A

-drying ears with a soft towel
-ear drops
-referral to physician

84
Q

middle ear infection (otitis media)- cause

A

inflammation + infection

85
Q

middle ear infection (otitis media)- signs

A

-intense ear pain
-fluid draining from the ear canal
-transient loss of hearing

86
Q

middle ear infection (otitis media)- care

A

antibiotics

87
Q

cornea

A

transparent covering of pupil

88
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye

89
Q

iris

A

colored portion of the eye

90
Q

lens

A

converts light to image via optic nerve

91
Q

orbital hematoma- cause

A

direct contact to the eye

92
Q

orbital hematoma- signs

A

-subconjunctival hemorrhage
-faulty vision

93
Q

orbital hematoma- care

A

-cold application
-athlete should not blow nose (might increase hemorrhaging)

94
Q

orbital fx- cause

A

blow to the eye (ex: baseball)

95
Q

orbital fx- signs

A

-diplopia (double vision)
-eye stuck in an upward gaze
-soft tissue swelling + hemorrhage

96
Q

orbital fx- care

A

-antibiotics to decrease likelihood of infection
-may be treated surgically

97
Q

hyphema- cause

A

blunt blow to the anterior aspect of the eye

98
Q

hyphema- signs

A

-reddish tinge in the anterior chamber
-blood starts to settle inferiorly
-blood may turn pea green
-vision partially blocked

99
Q

hyphema- care

A

-immediate referral to a physician
-bed rest with head elevated 3-45 degrees
-patching of both eyes

100
Q

retinal detachment- cause

A

blow to the athlete’s eye separating the retina from its underlying attachment

101
Q

retinal detachment- signs

A

-painless
-seeing specks floating before the eye
-flashes of light
-blurred vision

102
Q

retinal detachment- care

A

-bed rest with patches on both eyes
-referred to ophthalmologist to determine if surgery is necessary

103
Q

another name for acute conjunctivitis

A

pink eye

104
Q

acute conjunctivitis (pink eye)- cause

A

-various bacteria or allergens
-dust, pollen, smoke or air pollution

105
Q

acute conjunctivitis (pink eye)- signs

A

-eyelid swelling
-redness
-itching
-yellow green discharge for bacteria
-clear color for viral infection

106
Q

acute conjunctivitis (pink eye)- care

A

referred to physician

ATR2010 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions