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ATR2010 > Quiz 5 [CH 18 + 19] > Flashcards

Quiz 5 [CH 18 + 19] Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the shoulder (3)

A

-clavicle
-scapula
-humerus

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2
Q

articulations of the shoulder (4)

A

-sternoclavicular joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-glenohumeral joint
-scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

muscles of the shoulder

A

-rotator cuff (see next flashcard)
-deltoid
-trapezius
-rhomboids
-lats
-serratus anterior

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4
Q

rotator cuff muscles (4)

A

-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor
-subscapularis

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5
Q

ligaments of the shoulder (1)

A

acromioclavicular ligament

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6
Q

palpations of the shoulder

A

-scapula
-clavicle
-sternoclavicular joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-humerus

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7
Q

palpations of the scapula

A

-spine of scapula
-medial border
-lateral border

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8
Q

prevention of shoulder injuries

A

-for overhead athletes, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the rotator cuff muscles
-scapular stabilization strengthening exercises help provide a base for the highly mobile GH joint
-proper falling technique

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9
Q

what muscles are targeted by scapular stabilization strengthening exercises

A

-serratus anterior
-middle trap
-lower trap

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10
Q

____ is required for distal mobility

A

proximal stability

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11
Q

phases of correct throwing technique (5)

A

-wind up phase
-cocking phase
-acceleration phase
-deceleration phase
-follow-through phase

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12
Q

throwing- wind up phase

A

-preparation phase
-lead leg strides forward
-shoulder starts to abduct + externally rotate

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13
Q

throwing- cocking phase

A

-begins when hands separate
-ends with shoulder in maximal external rotation

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14
Q

throwing- acceleration phase

A

-lasts from maximal external rotation until the ball releases

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15
Q

throwing- deceleration phase

A

-lasts from ball release until max shoulder internal rotation
-shoulder external rotators contract eccentrically to decelerate the humerus

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16
Q

throwing- follow-through phase

A

-lasts from maximum shoulder internal rotation until the end of motion, when there is a balanced position

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17
Q

assessing the shoulder complex- history

A

-what happened to cause the pain?
-where is the pain located?
-is there a feeling of weakness or a sense of fatigue?
-what shoulder movements or positions seem to aggravate or relieve the pain?

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18
Q

assessing the shoulder complex- observation

A

-anterior, lateral, + posterior
-obvious deformity?
-one shoulder higher?
-shoulders rounded?
-scapular movement

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19
Q

assessing the shoulder complex- palpation

A

-point tenderness
-abnormal swelling/lumps
-muscle spasm/guarding + trigger points
-palpate anteriorly + posteriorly

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20
Q

clavical fx- cause

A

-fall on an outstretched arm
-fall on the tip of the shoulder
-direct impact

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21
Q

clavicle fx- signs

A

-injured clavicle appears lower on the affected side
-palpation may reveal swelling, point tenderness, + mild deformity

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22
Q

clavicle fx- care

A

-immediately immobilize; continue for 6-8 weeks
-surgery may be required

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23
Q

humerus fx- cause

A

-direct blow
-falling on an outstretched hand
-dislocation
-car accident

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24
Q

humerus fx- signs

A

-pain
-inability to move the arm
-swelling

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25
Q

humerus fx- care

A

-x-ray needed to confirm diagnosis
-immediate application of splint + sling
-immediate referral

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26
Q

sternoclavicular joint sprain- cause

A

-uncommon in sport
-indirect force transmitted through the humerus
-direct impact to the clavicle

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27
Q

sternoclavicular joint sprain- signs

A

-depends on grade of injury
-pain
-swelling
-inability to abduct shoulder through full ROM

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28
Q

sternoclavicular joint sprain- care

A

-immobilization maintained for 3-5 weeks
-high reoccurrence rate

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29
Q

acromioclavicular joint sprain- cause

A

-fall on an outstretched arm
-direct impact to the tip of the shoulder

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30
Q

acromioclavicular joint sprain- signs

A

-discomfort
-obvious deformity
-point tenderness
-loss of ROM

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31
Q

acromioclavicular joint sprain- care

A

-POLICE
-immobilization
-referral for further imaging

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32
Q

glenohumeral dislocations- cause

A

-forced abduction with external rotation
-landing on an outstretched arm

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33
Q

glenohumeral dislocations- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-moderate to severe pain + disability

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34
Q

glenohumeral dislocations- care

A

-immediate immobilization using a sling
-shoulder must be reduced
-further imaging for potential fx

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35
Q

shoulder impingement syndrome- cause

A

-repetitive compression of shoulder structures (biceps tendon, supraspinatus, etc.)
-throwing, swimming, serving a tennis ball, spiking a volleyball, etc.
-anatomy

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36
Q

shoulder impingement syndrome- signs

A

-diffuse pain around the acromion
-painful arc in the ROM between 70-120 degrees of abduction
-tightness in the joint capsule

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37
Q

shoulder impingement syndrome- care

A

-POLICE
-rotator cuff strengthening
-stretching posterior capsule

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38
Q

rotator cuff strain- cause

A

-most often involves the supraspinatus muscle
-overhead throwing

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39
Q

rotator cuff strain- signs

A

-pain with muscle contraction
-tenderness on palpation
-loss of strength

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40
Q

rotator cuff strain- care

A

-POLICE
-progressive strengthening exercises
-reduce activity

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41
Q

subacromial bursitis- cause

A

-direct impact
-shoulder impingement

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42
Q

subacromial bursitis- signs

A

-pain with moving shoulder
-swelling
-tenderness during palpation

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43
Q

subacromial bursitis- care

A

-cryotherapy
-anti-inflammatory medication

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44
Q

biceps tenosynovitis- cause

A

-repeated stretching of bicep tendon

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45
Q

biceps tenosynovitis- signs

A

-tenderness in the anterior upper arm
-pain during overhead activities

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46
Q

biceps tenosynovitis- care

A

-POLICE
-anti-inflammatory medications

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47
Q

labral tears- cause

A

-GH dislocation
-fall on an oustretched hand
-throwing motion

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48
Q

are labral tears acute or chronic

A

can be both

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49
Q

labral tears- signs

A

-“deep” pain
-constant aching

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50
Q

labral tears- care

A

-NSAIDs
-activity modification
-therapy
-possible surgery

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51
Q

bones of the elbow joint (3)

A

-radius
-ulna
-humerus

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52
Q

articulations of the elbow joint

A

-humeroulnar joint
-humeroradial joint
-radioulnar joint

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53
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A

-annular ligament
-radial collateral ligament
-ulnar collateral ligament

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54
Q

muscles of the elbow joint (4)

A

-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-brachioradialis
-triceps

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55
Q

assessing elbow injuries- history

A

-is this a new injury or is this a chronic problem?
-was there direct trauma?
-is there any tingling or numbness radiating down the forearm?

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56
Q

assessing elbow injuries- observation

A

-increased carrying angle
-decreased ROM
-obvious deformity
-swelling

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57
Q

assessing elbow injuries- palpation

A

palpate the bony aspects including:
-epicondyles
-olecranon
-proximal radius + ulna

58
Q

special test for elbow

A

valgus stress test (UCL)

59
Q

olecranon bursitis- cause

A

-direct blow
-falling on the tip of the elbow

60
Q

olecranon bursitis- signs

A

-pain
-swelling
-point tenderness

61
Q

olecranon bursitis- care

A

-ice + compression
-padding to the area

62
Q

elbow sprains- cause

A

-hyperextension
-forces that bend or twist the lower arm outward (valgus force)
-most common sprain = UCL

63
Q

most common elbow sprain

A

UCL

64
Q

elbow sprains- signs

A

-pain
-inability to throw
-point tenderness over ligament

65
Q

elbow sprains- care

A

-ice + compression
-sling at 90 degrees of flexion
-unstable or complete tairs need Tommy John Surgery (UCL repair)

66
Q

UCL repair surgery name

A

Tommy John Surgery

67
Q

lateral epicondylitis- cause

A

-aka tennis elbow
-repetitive forceful extension of the wrist causing irritation to the tendons attachment of the extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle

68
Q

what diagnosis is “tennis elbow”

A

lateral epicondylitis

69
Q

lateral epicondylitis- signs

A

-aching pain at lateral epicondyle
-tenderness + weakness
-pain on resisted extension of the wrist

70
Q

lateral epicondylitis- care

A

-POLICE
-NSAIDs
-stretching

71
Q

medial epicondylitis- cause

A

-aka golfer’s elbow
-overuse injury

72
Q

what diagnosis is “golfer’s elbow”

A

medial epicondylitis

73
Q

medial epicondylitis- signs

A

-pain with forced flexion
-point tenderness
-some cases swelling

74
Q

medial epicondylitis- care

A

-rest
-ice
-counterforce brace applied just below the joint

75
Q

elbow osteochondritis dissecans- cause

A

-unknown
-potential impairment of the blood supply can lead to separation of portions of articular catilage + bone creating loose bodies

76
Q

elbow osteochondritis dissecans- signs

A

-locking of the elbow joint
-loss of ROM

77
Q

elbow osteochondritis dissecans- care

A

surgical removal

78
Q

ulnar nerve injuries- cause

A

-athletes with pronounced outward angle may develop a nerve friction problem
-impingement

79
Q

ulnar nerve injuries- signs

A

-paresthesia to the 4th and 5th fingers
-weakness
-lack of grip strength

80
Q

ulnar nerve injuries- care

A

-conservative management
-avoiding stress to elbow

81
Q

elbow dislocations- cause

A

-falling on an outstretched arm with the elbow hyperextended
-severe twist while the elbow is flexed

82
Q

elbow dislocations- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-olecranon process extends backward
-severe pain + disability

83
Q

elbow dislocations- care

A

immobilizing splint + referral for reduction as soon as possible

84
Q

elbow fractures- cause

A

-fall on outstretched hand
-direct blow

85
Q

elbow fractures- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-swelling

86
Q

elbow fractures- care

A

-ice + sling
-immediate referral

87
Q

bones of the forearm (2)

A

-radius
-ulna

88
Q

radius/ulna is on thumb side

A

radius

89
Q

flexor muscles of forearm (2)

A

-flexor carpi ulnaris
-flexor carpi radialis

90
Q

extensor muscles of forearm (2)

A

-extensor carpi ulnaris
-extensor carpi radialis

91
Q

assessing the forearm- history

A

-what caused the injury?
-loss of function?
-what were the symptoms at the time of the injury?
-did symptoms occur later?

92
Q

assessing the forearm- observation

A

-visually inspect entire forearm
-look for obvious deformities

93
Q

assessing the forearm- palpation

A

palpated at injury site + areas distant

94
Q

forearm strains- cause

A

overuse (repeated contractions)

95
Q

forearm strains- signs

A

-dull aching pain in muscles
-pain throwing or with daily activities

96
Q

forearm strains- care

A

-treat the symptoms
-cryotherapy
-increase strength

97
Q

colles’ fracture- cause

A

-involves lower distal end of radius
-fall on outstretched hand with an extended wrist forcing the forearm backwards + upwards into hyperextension

98
Q

colles’ fracture- signs

A

-visible deformity
-numbness/tinglingn
-pain

99
Q

colles’ fractures- care

A

-splint the injury
-check pulse
-sling + refer for x-ray

100
Q

proximal radial head fracture- cause

A

FOOSH

101
Q

proximal radial head fracture- care

A

-non-op = immobilization followed by ROM exercises
-op = ORIF surgery

101
Q

proximal radial head fracture- signs

A

-pain + tenderness along the lateral aspect of the elbow
-limited ROM, especially in pronation + supination

102
Q

bones of wrist/hand/fingers (3)

A

-carpals
-metacarpals
-phalanges

103
Q

carpal bones (8)

A

-scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

104
Q

assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- history

A

-what increases or decreases the pain?
-any feelings of weakness?
-what therapy or medications, if any, have been given?

105
Q

assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- observation

A

arm + hand symmetry

106
Q

assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- palpation

A

-bones of wrist palpated for any pain + deformity
-MCP joint
-phalanges

107
Q

wrist sprain- cause

A

-abnormal or forced movement of the wrist
-falling on hyperextended wrist

108
Q

wrist sprain- signs

A

-pain
-swelling
-difficulty moving wrist

109
Q

wrist sprain- care

A

-POLICE
-x-ray to rule out fracture

110
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome- cause

A

-inflammation of the tendons + synovial sheath within the anterior aspect of the wrist
-repeated wrist flexion

111
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome- signs

A

-numbness + tingling
-weakness

112
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome- care

A

-rest + immobilization
-if condition continues-> corticosteroid injection or surgery

113
Q

scaphoid fracture- cause

A

-most frequently fractured carpal bone
-fall on an oustretched hand

114
Q

scaphoid fracture- signs

A

-snuffbox tenderness
-swelling + pain

115
Q

scaphoid fracture- care

A

-referred for x-ray
-cast immobilization for 6 weeks

116
Q

where does snuffbox tenderness occur

A

bottom of thumb

117
Q

hamate fracture- signs

A

-wrist pain
-weakness + tenderness
-possible tingling + numbness

117
Q

hamate fracture- cause

A

commonly occurs from contact when holding sports equipment such as a baseball bat

118
Q

hamate fracture- care

A

casting +/or padding

119
Q

wrist ganglion- cause

A

-usually appears slowly after repeated forced hyperextension of the wrist
-most often appears on the back of the wrist

120
Q

wrist ganglion- signs

A

-pain at lump site
-pain with wrist extension

121
Q

wrist ganglion- care

A

combination of aspiration + chemical cauterization

122
Q

boxer’s fracture

A

fx of 5th metacarpal

123
Q

boxer’s fracture- cause

A

direct axial force by punching a wall or another person

124
Q

boxer’s fracture- signs

A

-palpable defect in shaft of 5th metacarpal
-knuckle appears depressed or sunken

125
Q

boxer’s fracture- care

A

-referred for x-ray
-immobilization for 3-4 weeks

126
Q

mallet finger- cause

A

-baseball or basketball finger
-blow to the tip of the finger

127
Q

mallet finger- signs

A

-inability to fully extend finger
-pain at distal interphalangeal joint
-point tenderness

128
Q

mallet finger- care

A

-POLICE
-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splint

129
Q

boutonniere deformity- cause

A

-rupture of the extensor tendon over the middle phalanx
-forces DIP into extension + PIP into flexion

130
Q

boutonniere deformity- signs

A

-inability to extend PIP joint (textbook may be incorrect)
-swelling
-pain

131
Q

boutonniere deformity- care

A

splinting PIP into extension

132
Q

jersey finger- cause

A

-rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus from its insertion into the distal phalanx
-most often occurs at the ring finger when the athlete tries to grab the jersey of an opponent

133
Q

jersey finger- signs

A

-the DIP cannot be flexed
-finger stuck in extension

134
Q

jersey finger- care

A

tendon must be surgically repaired

135
Q

gamekeeper’s thumb- cause

A

-sprain of UCL ligament of the thumb
-forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx

136
Q

gamekeeper’s thumb- signs

A

-pain over UCL
-tenderness + swelling over the medial aspect of the thumb

137
Q

gamekeeper’s thumb- care

A

-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splinting of the thumb for at least a 3-week period

138
Q

dislocation of the phalanges- cause

A

blow to the finger by a ball

139
Q

dislocation of the phalanges- signs

A

-obvious deformity
-pain + swelling

140
Q

dislocation of the phalanges- care

A

-reduction of the finger
-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splinted for 3 weeks in 30 degrees of flexion
-when returning to play, athlete should be buddy taped

ATR2010 (11 decks)

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