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ATR2010 > Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 20] > Flashcards

Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 20] Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae in the cervical spine

A

7

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2
Q

anatomy of cervical spine

A

atlas + axis

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3
Q

how many vertebrae in the thoracic spine

A

12

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4
Q

anatomy of thoracic spine

A

-articulate with the ribs
-long transverse processes

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5
Q

how many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine

A

5

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6
Q

anatomy of lumbar spine

A

-major support of the low back
-largest

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7
Q

sacrum

A

-formed by the fusion of the 5 vertebrae
-body’s weight is transmitted through the sacrum + pelvis

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8
Q

coccyx

A

-tailbone
-most inferior aspect of the spine

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9
Q

intervertebral discs

A

-between each vertebrae
-act as shock absorbers for the spine

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10
Q

ligaments of the spine

A

-anterior longitudinal
-posterior longitudinal
-supraspinous ligament

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11
Q

muscles of the spine (4)

A

-erector spinae
-quadratus lumborum
-multifidus
-serratus posterior

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12
Q

muscles of erector spinae (3)

A

-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis

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13
Q

spinal cord has how many pairs of nerves

A

31 pairs

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14
Q

preventing injuries to the spine- strength

A

-neck muscles can resist excessive hyperflexion, hyperextension, or rotational forces
-abdominal strength is essential to ensure proper postural alignment
-muscle imbalances can be a cause of LBP

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15
Q

preventing injuries to the spine- flexibility

A

neck + trunk should have full ROM

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16
Q

preventing injuries to the spine- use proper technique

A

-proper technique in tackling to avoid neck injuries
-proper technique in lifting to avoid lumbar injuries

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17
Q

assessment of the spine- history

A

-do you have any pain in your neck or directly over your spine?
-do you have any numbness or tingling in your neck, arms, or hands?
-are you able to move your ankles + toes?
-were you knocked unconscious?

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18
Q

assessment of the spine- observation

A

-does posture exhibit signs of kyphosis, lordosis, or scoliosis?
-is the athlete able to move the head + neck freely?
-are the shoulders level + symmetrical?

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19
Q

assessment of the spine- palpation

A

-progress from proximal to distal
-palpate bony structures (spinous processes, transverse processes, + sacrum)
-palpate musculature

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20
Q

cervical fx- cause

A

axial loading- normal curvature of the spine flattens out

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21
Q

cervical fx- signs

A

-neck point tenderness
-restricted movement
-numbness in trunk +/or limbs

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22
Q

cervical fx- care

A

if a cervical fx is suspected, the athlete shouldn’t be moved except by individuals specifically trained to do so

23
Q

cervical dislocations- cause

A

-violent flexion + rotation of the head
-pool diving accidents

24
Q

cervical dislocations- signs

A

-similar signs of fx
-unilateral dislocation causes neck to be tilted toward dislocated side
-pain, weakness, + numbness

25
Q

cervical dislocations- care

A

great care must be taken due to a high likelihood of injury to the spinal cord

26
Q

neck strain- cause

A

-head turned suddenly
-forced flexion, extension, or rotation

27
Q

neck strain- signs

A

-localized pain
-restricted motion
-muscle guarding

28
Q

neck strain- care

A

-POLICE
-ROM exercises

29
Q

cervical sprain is also called

A

whiplash

30
Q

cervical strain (whiplash)- cause

A

combination of hyperflexion + hyperextension

31
Q

cervical strain (whiplash)- signs

A

-same signs as strain but with longer symptoms
-tenderness over spinous + transverse processes

32
Q

cervical strain (whiplash)- care

A

-x-ray to rule out fx
-soft cervical collar may be applied

33
Q

acute torticollis- cause

A

-small piece of synovial membrane lining the joint capsule is impinged between the cervical vertebrae
-holding head in unusual position over time

34
Q

acute torticollis- signs

A

-palpable point tenderness + muscle spasms
-head movement restricted to the opposite side of irritation

35
Q

acute torticollis- care

A

-cold or heat + massage
-gradually engage strengthening + stretching exercises

36
Q

pinched nerve- cause

A

-stretching or compression of the brachial plexus
-neck forced laterally to the opposite side

37
Q

pinched nerve- signs

A

-burning sensation
-numbness + tingling
-loss of function that can occur for several minutes

38
Q

pinched nerve- care

A

-stretching + strengthening once symptoms subside
-cervical neck collar attachment to shoulder pads for repeated injuries

39
Q

LBP

A

most common diagnosis for individuals experiencing back pain

40
Q

LBP- cause

A

-faulty posture
-trauma to back

41
Q

LBP- signs

A

-pain sitting
-pain standing
-tightness
-potentially numbness + tingling

42
Q

LBP- care

A

-avoid posture + positions that makes the pain worse
-strengthening of postural musculature

43
Q

low back muscle strain- cause

A

-sudden extension with trunk rotation
-chronic strain associated with faulty posture

44
Q

low back muscle strain- signs

A

-discomfort
-pain may be diffused or localized

45
Q

low back muscle strain- care

A

-POLICE
-gradual program of stretching + strengthening

46
Q

sciatica- cause

A

inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve due to compression or chronic LBP

47
Q

sciatica- signs

A

-sharp shooting pain radiating down into the athlete’s leg
-numbness + tingling

48
Q

sciatica- care

A

-rest is essential
-anti-inflammatory medication

49
Q

herniated lumbar disc- cause

A

-forward bending + twisting
-most common herniation L4-L5

50
Q

herniated lumbar disc- signs

A

-centrally located pain that radiates on one side
-symptoms worse in the morning
-straight leg raise increases pain

51
Q

herniated lumbar disc- care

A

-POLICE
-MRI to confirm diagnosis
-core stabilization program

52
Q

spondylolysis + spondylolisthesis- cause

A

-degeneration of the vertebrae
-defect in the pars interarticularis
-spondylolisthesis is a complication of spondylolysis, often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment
-direct blow or sudden twist

53
Q

spondylolysis + spondylolisthesis- signs

A

-aching pain
-back stiffness
-pain after activity, not during

54
Q

spondylolysis + spondylolisthesis- care

A

-rest
-bracing
-trunk stabilization exercises

ATR2010 (11 decks)

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