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ATR2010 > Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 21] > Flashcards

Remaining Exam 3 Material [CH 21] Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of the thorax

A

chest + ribs

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2
Q

chest

A

-lies between the base of the neck + diaphragm
-contained within T-spine + ribs

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3
Q

ribs

A

-12 pairs of flat bones
-attached to thoracic vertebrae + sternum

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4
Q

how many pairs of ribs are there

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

what type of bones are ribs

A

flat bones

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6
Q

main function of thorax

A

-protect the vital respiratory circulatory organs
-assist lungs in inspiration + expiration

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7
Q

anatomy of the abdomen

A

abdominal cavity lies between the diaphragm + pelvis

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8
Q

function of the abdomen

A

protects the underlying abdominal viscera

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9
Q

abdominal muscles (4)

A

-rectus abdominus
-external obliques
-internal obliques
-transverse abdominus

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10
Q

abdominal viscera

A

-part of digestive, urinary, reproductive, + lymphatic systems
-contains hollow + solid organs
-divided into 4 quadrants

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11
Q

solid organs (5)

A

-kidneys
-spleen
-liver
-pancreas
-adrenal glands

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12
Q

hollow organs (4)

A

-stomach
-intestines
-gallbladder
-urinary bladder

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13
Q

prevention of thorax + abdominal injuries- protective equipment

A

-shoulder pads
-rib protectors
-back plates

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14
Q

other ways to prevent thorax/abdominal injuries besides protective equipment

A

-abdominal strength
-empty hollow organs prior to practice or competition
-eat 3-4 hours prior to competition

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15
Q

assessment of the thorax + abdomen- history

A

-was there a direct blow?
-have you had any difficulty breathing?
-do you feel any pain in your chest?
-is there any difficulty or pain in urinating?

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16
Q

assessment of the thorax + abdomen- observation

A

-most important, is the athlete breathing?
-is the athlete holding their chest wall?
-does the thorax appear to be symmetrical?
-is the athlete holding a specific part of the abdomen?

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17
Q

assessment of the thorax + abdomen- palpation of THORAX

A

-hands on either side of chest during breathing to check for asymmetry in chest wall movement
-palpate along ribs for tender areas

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18
Q

assessment of the thorax + abdomen- palpation of ABDOMEN

A

-supine or hook lying with arms at side
-palpate the area with the tips of your fingers to feel for any tightness or rigidity
-referred pain
-rebound tenderness

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19
Q

rib fx- cause

A

-direct impact (kick or compression of rib cage)
-ribs 5-9 are the most commonly fractured

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20
Q

what ribs are most commonly fx

A

5-9

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21
Q

rib fx- signs

A

-severe pain during inspiration
-sharp pain with palpation

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22
Q

rib fx- care

A

-referred for x-ray
-simple fx heal within 3-4 weeks
-rib brace can offer protection

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23
Q

costal cartilage injury- cause

A

-direct blow to the thorax
-indirectly from a sudden twist or fall on a ball

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24
Q

costal cartilage injury- signs

A

-sharp pain during sudden movement of the trunk
-difficulty of breathing deeply
-pain localized in the junction of the rib cartilage + rib

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25
Q

costal cartilage injury- care

A

-rest
-healing takes 1-2 months

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26
Q

intercostal muscle injury- cause

A

-direct blow
-sudden torsion of the athlete’s trunk

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27
Q

intercostal muscle injury- signs

A

-pain with active motion
-painful with inspiration + expiration
-pain with laughing, coughing, sneezing

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28
Q

intercostal muscle injury- care

A

-cryotherapy
-rib brace for patient comfort

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29
Q

4 types of injuries to the lungs

A

-pneumothroax
-tension pneumothroax
-hemothorax
-traumatic asphyxia

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30
Q

pneumothroax

A

pleural cavity of the lung becomes filled with air causing lung to collapse

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31
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

pleural cavity of one side fills with air + displaces the lung + heart toward the opposite side, compressing the opposite lung

32
Q

hemothorax

A

blood within the pleural cavity

33
Q

traumatic asphyxia

A

result of violent blow to or compression of the rib cage, causing cessation of breathing

34
Q

signs of injury to the lungs

A

-difficulty breathing
-chest pain on side of injury
-shortness of breath
-coughing up blood
-cyanosis (bluish skin)

35
Q

care for injuries to lungs

A

-medical emergency
-call 911
-monitor vitals

36
Q

sudden death syndrome in athletes

A

congenital cardiovascular abnormalities are the most common cause of exercise-induced sudden death in athletes younger than 35

37
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

thickened cardiac muscle

38
Q

anomalous origin of the coronary artery

A

one of the two coronary vessels originating in a different site from normal

39
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A

abnormal connective tissue, resulting in the weakening of the aorta + cardiac valves

40
Q

commotio cortis

A

disruption of normal heart rhythm at a critical point during the heartbeat (from a direct blow to the chest)

41
Q

signs of sudden death syndrome in athletes

A

-chest pain or discomfort during exertion
-pre-syncope or syncope
-fever
-heart palpations
-heart murmurs
-shortness of breath
-general malaise
-nausea

42
Q

care for sudden death syndrome in athletes

A

-life threatening medical emergency
-CPR

43
Q

Marfan syndrome- signs

A

-people are born with it; however, may not show signs until adult
-some obvious signs inlcude:
* long arms, legs, + fingers
* tall + thin body type
* curved spine

-associated with heart, lung, + eye problems

43
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

genetic disorder affecting the body’s CT
-can affect the heart, enlarging the aorta which can be life-threatening

44
Q

commotio cordis- cause

A

sudden impact to the chest at a critical time in the heart cycle that can lead to death

45
Q

commotio cordis- signs

A

-primarily affects young males
-baseball is the most common sport affected

46
Q

commotio cordis- care

A

immediate CPR + use of an AED to shock the athletes heart back into a regular cardiac rhythm

47
Q

abdominal strains + contusions- cause

A

-sudden twisting of the trunk or reaching overhead
-compressive forces
-rectus abdominus is most commonly strained

48
Q

abdominal strains + contusions- signs

A

-hematoma at site of the injury
-pain + tightness

49
Q

abdominal strains + contusions- care

A

-ice + compression wrap
-monitor for internal injury
-conservative, exercises kept pain-free

50
Q

hernia- cause

A

-protrusion of abdominal viscera through portion of abdominal wall
-intra-abdominal tension
-inguinal more common in men, femoral more common in women

51
Q

hernia- signs

A

-discomfort
-superficial protrusion int he groin area
-increased pain with coughing

52
Q

hernia- care

A

surgical repair

53
Q

blow to the solar plexus- cause

A

-blow to the middle portion of the abdomen causing transitionary paralysis of the diaphragm
-“wind knocked out of you”

54
Q

blow to the solar plexus- signs

A

-unable to inhale
-short term symptoms
-panic

55
Q

blow to the solar plexus- care

A

-talk in a confident manner to calm the athlete
-have athlete loosen belt or clothing around the abdomen
-deep slow breaths

56
Q

injury of the spleen- cause

A

fall or direct blow to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

57
Q

injury of the spleen- signs

A

-history of severe blow to abdomen
-abdominal rigity
-nausea/vomiting
-Kehr’s sign

58
Q

what is Kehr’s sign + what is it a sign for

A

pain to the left shoulder
-sign of injury of the spleen

59
Q

injury of the spleen- care

A

-conservative non-operative treatment with a week of hospitalization
-can return in as little as 4 weeks IF no symptoms

60
Q

kidney contusion- cause

A

external force applied to an athlete’s back

61
Q

kidney contusion- signs

A

-shock
-nausea + vomiting
-rigidity of the back muscles
-hematuria (blood in urine)

62
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

63
Q

kidney contusion- care

A

-immediate referral to physician if blood in urine
-24 hours hospital observation

64
Q

liver contusion- cause

A

hard blow to the right side of the ribcage

65
Q

liver contusion- signs

A

-hemorrhage + shock
-referred pain just below the scapula

66
Q

liver contusion- care

A

immediate surgical intervention

67
Q

gallstones- cause

A

hard stonelike deposits composed of cholesterol or bile

68
Q

gallstones- signs

A

-cramping pain in the abdomen
-radiating pain to the back under the scapula
-nausea + vomiting

69
Q

gallstones- care

A

-referred for ultrasound imaging
-surgical removal

70
Q

appendicitis- cause

A

-can be chronic or acute
-caused by a variety of factors one being fecal obstruction
-most common in males 15-25

71
Q

appendicitis- signs

A

-severe cramps in the lower right abdomen
-nausea
-low grade fever
-abdominal rigidity at McBurney’s point

72
Q

appendicitis- care

A

surgical removal of appendix

73
Q

scrotal/testicular contusion- cause

A

direct blow

74
Q

scrotal/testicular contusion- signs

A

-severe pain due to sensitivity of the area
-hemorrhage
-swelling

75
Q

scrotal/testicular contusion- care

A

-rest + ice
-unresolved after 20 min referral to physician

ATR2010 (11 decks)

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