Religious Studies 3- Origins Of Islam Flashcards
Tribe that lived in the desert
The Arab nomads
What did the Arab nomads do
They trekked the deserts and worked as traders
They spent a lot of time in the desert
Tribe that settled in Makkah
Quaraysh
What did the quraysh do
They traded with surrounding countries
Wealthier merchants
Difference between the nomads and quraysh
The nomads:
-were poor but humble
-they cared for everyone in their tribe especially the widows,elderly, orphans
-traditions
-old-fashioned
The quraysh:
-modern, focused on themselves and their wealth
-pwn well-being
-disregarded widows, elderly and orphans
- focused on gambling and forgotten old tribe ways
Who was muhammad of the quraysh
- orphan
- member of quraysh tribe
- raised by uncle
- married with 4 daughters
- successful trader
- very religious,prays and meditates
- wise,generous, mindful- hates the ways of quraysh
What was Muhammad’s first revelation
- in month of Ramadan, 610ce, praying in cave hira
- sensation of being squeezed +caused first Arabic scripture to pour out of his mouth
- over next 21 years many more revelations came
Fears of the poor of quraysh
- not having enough food to survive off
- not being cared for and being left out
Fears of the nomad
- not being able to treat ill members due to be poor
- not getting a hold of enough food or water for the tribe
- not getting protection from harsh weather
How did the Muslim community in Makkah starts
- Muhammad received many more revelations which made him speak publicly about them
- a small following of people began who believed himself and wanted to know more
Muhammad’s message was
- do not build a private fortune but share with the poor and the needy
- treat the weakest members with the most respect
- justice and equality are fundamental laws of existence, without them a society will collapse
- behave towards one another with justice and compassion
Muhammad’s early life
- born in Makkah,570CE
- father died shortly before his birth
- mother passed when he was six years old
- grandfather and uncle brought him up
- at age 25 he married a wealthy, Makkah widow named khadijah
What did Muhammad’s disliking about the quraysh
- women, poor, slaves were treated badly
-most people worshipped idols which went against the teaching of Ibrahim
-
Angel that came to Muhammad in a cave called Ghar Hira
Angel jibril
Why did the quraysh not like Muhammad
He was spreading the word of Islam
Many people were migrating to marina sand they were sacred that they would then form an army
If they killed Muhammad then they group would become weak
What happened when they try to assassinate him
- They plotted to kill him in the night but he wasn’t there
- Ali,prophets cousin, hid in his cloak and pretended to sleep in his bed
- they would not kill Ali as he was a teenager and belonged to the tribe of quraysh
- the prophet slipped away
What happened when they found out Muhammad wasn’t there
- they realised it was ali and howled in disappointment
- Muhammad avoided the road as it was busy; trekked on foot to madinah
- they realised Muhammad was not on the road and followed the other direction they could’ve gone
- Muhammad and Abu baker hid in a cave as they heard them approaching
- they passed the cave but didn’t think that Muhammad could possibly be in the as there was a spiders web on the entrance
- they believed that Muhammad could not have gone in with destroying it which meant no one was in it and carried on walking
Name some problems that Muhammad (PBUH) changed - therefore had an impact of society
- Problem- people with power manipulate & abuse society by stealing money for themselves
Solution- leads by example, was selfless and kind - Problem- many people had forgotten the teaching of Jesus, treated women awfully
Solution- enforced many more teachings, reminding them of what’s right - Problem- Slaves were treated badly and had no freedom
Solution- tells everybody that nobody has the right to another and frees his slaves as an example. - Problem- travellers come to worship idols
Solution- he reminds them that Allah will be angry if this carried on and that it is not right - Problem- Makkah has a city full of crime
Solution- when he gets the chance to set up his own community then he will enforces strict laws and rules
What was one of the big questions after the prophet (PBUH) passed away
Who would lead the Islamic state next?
There were many Muslims who were now apart of the community
How did the prophet make it hard to decide who should led next
He didn’t leave any clear instructions
He was close to both of them
Who did the majority of the Muslims vote for to be the next leader
Abu Baker
Who was Abu Bakr
Close companion
Father-in-Law
Who did the small group choose to be the next leader
Ali
Who was Ali
The prophets cousin
Son-in-Law
Define caliph
A chief religious leader
Who was appointed overall first caliph
Abu Bakr
The Muslims that believe that abu bakr should’ve been the leader are called
Sunni
The Muslims that believe that li should’ve been the first caliph are called
The Shia
What evidence do the Sunnis have to justify their reasoning of choosing Abu Bakr as next leader
They argue that:
- prophet chose Abu Bakr to lead congregational prayers as he lay on his death bed
- this shows that the prophet was naming him new leader
What evidence do the Shias have to justify their reasoning of choosing Ali as next leader
They say that:
- the prophet stood up from his companions on the way back from his last Hajj
- he proclaimed Ali the spiritual guide and master of all believers
- the prophet took Ali’s hand and said that anyone who followed him should follow ali
Difference between successor and prophet
Successor does not mean prophet - all the Muslims agree that muhammad was the last prophet
Successors were not prophets too
Name some of Ali’s qualities
-raised by the prophet
-considered to be born a Muslim rather than to be converted
-approximately 30yrs old
-married to prophets daughter fatimah
-bravest of all companions
-
Name some of Abu bakr’s qualities
- Muhammad’s closest friend
- considered first male to convert to Islam
- father of prophet other wife,Aisha
- very trustworthy - known as Abu bakr the truthful
- many Muslims gave loyalty to him when he was picked
