Reliability and Validity in diagnosis and classification- sz

Question 1

What is reliability ? - related to sz

Answer 1

When a diagnosis of sz is consistent

Question 2

What are the 2 types of reliability?

Answer 2

-test-retest reliability
-inter-rater reliability

Question 3

What is test-retest reliability:

Answer 3

When a clinician reaches same conclusions at 2 different points in time

Question 4

What is inter-rater reliability?

Answer 4

Different clinicians reach independent identical conclusion for some patient (kappa score- >0.7 is good)

Question 5

Research example for reliability:

Answer 5

Read et al: reported on sz diagnosis 37% concordance rate when diagnosed 2 separate occasions (test-retest reliability)
-1970 study, 194 British psychiatrists, 134 us psychiatrists
(69% USA diagnosed Sz, 2% UK diagnosed sz) - Inter-rater reliability

Question 6

What is validity- related to Sz

Answer 6

The extent a diagnosis of Sz is accurate and distinct from other disorders

Question 7

What are the 3 types of validity- sz

Answer 7

-predictive validity
-descriptive
-aetiological

Question 8

What is predictive validity?

Answer 8

Valid is treatment is successful

Question 9

What is descriptive validity?

Answer 9

Valid is patients with Sz differ in symptoms from patients with other disorders

Question 10

What is aetiological validity?

Answer 10

Valid is cause of Sz is same in all patients

Question 11

Research example for validity?

Answer 11

Bailey et al- 154 British psychiatrists had different views on causes of sz (other than- genetics, biochemical abnormalities and substance abuse)

Question 12

Who did the on being sane in insane places experiment?

Answer 12

Rosenhan

Question 13

Describe rosenhan study part 1

Answer 13

-8 pseudo patients into hospital “empty , hollow, thud”
-all but one Sz (admitted to hospital and behave normally)
-average 19 days in hospital
-never detected
-reliability and validity questioned as discharged with Sz
-label and environment given can influence peoples perceptions on how behaviour is viewed
Eg. One ppts wrote in diary + seen as part of their pathological behaviour “patient engages in writing behaviour”

Question 14

Describe rosenhan study part 2

Answer 14

-hospital convinced wouldnt happen to them
- in 3 months 1 or more pseudo would try to gain entrance
-staff asked to rate every patient if thought real or fake
-193 tried to gain admission (none of them were pseudo)
-results demonstrate issues with reliability and validity- not possible to detect sane from insane (bc staff couldn’t identify)