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IFR Study > Regulations > Flashcards

Regulations Flashcards

1
Q

When is the PIC required to be instrument rated?

A
  • On an IFR flight plan under instrument weather conditions, including a “VFR on Top” clearance
  • In weather conditions less than minimum prescribed for legal VFR flight
  • In Class A airspace
  • Under Special VFR clearance at night
  • When, as a commercial pilot, carrying passengers for hire on cross country flights of more than 50 NM, or at night regardless of distance
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2
Q

To act as PIC w/ an instrument rating, what type of medical must you possess?

A
  • Class 3 Medical
    or
  • BasicMed
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3
Q

What are BasicMed requirements?

A
  • Hold a valid DL
  • Must get a basic physical from a licensed physician, then again every 4 years (48 months)
  • Must take the online Medical Education Course (MEC) then again every 2 years (24 months)
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4
Q

What are limitations while flying IFR under BasicMed?

A
  • Flights in US & Bahamas only
  • Max alt. 18,000’ MSL
  • Max speed 250 KIAS
  • Max occupants 6 (including pilot)
  • Max a/c weight 6,000 MTOW (max takeoff weight)
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5
Q

If recency has lapsed, how long do you have to meet recency, and what happens if you do not meet recency within that time frame?

A
  • You need to complete recency requirements before 6 mos

if not

  • You must pass an instrument proficiency check before acting as PIC under IFR
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6
Q

When can you log instrument flight time?

A
  1. Only the flight time you are controlling the airplane solely by reference to flight instruments.
  2. A CFII may log instrument time all the time during which he acts as instructor in actual instrument weather conditions
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7
Q

What qualifications must a safety pilot hold in order to act as a instrument safety pilot?

A
  • Pilot must be appropriately rated (have a category and class rating for the aircraft being flown)
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8
Q

What should the logbook entry have when flying in simulated instrument conditions?

A

The logbook entry for “simulated instrument conditions” must include:
1. Place
2. Type of inst. approach completed
3. Name of the safety pilot

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9
Q

What are IFR fuel requirements?

A
  1. Fuel to first airport of intended landing plus
  2. Fuel to an alternate (if required) plus
  3. Additional 45 min of fuel
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10
Q

What are requirements when deciding if alternate airport is required?

A

1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA:
2,000’ ceiling (broken, overcast)
or
visibility less than 3 miles

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11
Q

When a alternate airport is required, what is the minimums for that airport (no less than)?

A
  • w/ a precision approach: 600’ ceiling & 2 miles visibility
  • w/ non-precision approach, 800’ ceiling and 2 miles visibility
  • w/ no instrument approach available, adequate ceiling & visibility to allow descent from the MEA, and landing under basic VFR
  • if nonstandard minimus are listed, adhere to those minimums. Standard minimums apply except for the specific situation listed (“T” symbol on chart IAP)
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12
Q

What is the recency experience, and how long does a pilot have to keep up currency?

A
  1. A flight review
  2. To carry passengers 3 takeoffs and landings within preceding 90 days in an aircraft of same category, class and type, if type rating is required (landings must be to full-stop if tailwheel, or at night)
  3. Within the preceding 6 mos completed (66HIT):
    - 6 Instrument approaches
    - Holding procedures & tasks
    - Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronics systems
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13
Q

Who can conduct an instrument proficiency check?

A
  • An examiner
  • A person authorized by U.S. armed forces (for military personnel)
  • A company check pilot authorized to conduct inst. flight tests under part 121
  • Authorized instructor
  • A person approved by the Administrator
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14
Q

What are requirements for someone to act as safety pilot?

A
  • Possess at least a PPL w/ category & class ratings (doesn’t have to be current)
  • Possess an appropriate medical
  • If flight is to be conducted on IFR flight plan, the person acting as PIC of the flight must hold an IR and be instrument current
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15
Q

Can a pilot who only possesses a BasicMed authorization act as a safety pilot?

A
  • Only if pilot is acting as PIC while performing the duties of a safety pilot. The statutory language prescribing the BasicMed says it only applies to people acting as PIC. BasicMed cannot be exercised by safety pilots who are not acting as PIC yet are required crewmembers
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16
Q

Can an IR pilot fly IFR under BasicMed?

A

Pilot can fly as BasicMed (in covered a/c) in VFR and IFR

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17
Q

What conditions are necessary for pilot to log instrument time?

A

When the pilot operates the a/c solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions

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18
Q

What should be included when logging instrument time?

A
  1. Location
  2. Type of each instrument approach
  3. Name of the safety pilot (if required)
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19
Q

What is defined as actual conditions for logging instrument flight time?

A
  • Clouds
  • Over open water
  • On a dark moonless light
  • If you can’t see the horizon and could not operate w/out your instruments, you’re in actual and can log it
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20
Q

What is needed to be logged when logging currency for IFR?

A
  • Location and type of each instrument approach accomplished
  • The name of the safety pilot, if required
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21
Q

What can replace a Flight Review?

A
  1. Proficiency check
  2. Practical test for a new rating or certificate
  3. Completion of one or more phases of FAA sponsored pilot proficiency award program (WINGS)
  4. Flight Instructor Renewal (substitutes ground portion only) 61.197
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22
Q

What is the rule regarding altitude and course to be maintained during an off airways IFR flight over both, mountainous and non-mountainous terrain?

A

For mountainous terrain:
2,000’ above highest obstacle within 4 NM of course

For non-mountainous terrain:
1,000’ above highest obstacle within 4 NM of course

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23
Q

If an alternate airport does NOT have either an precision or non-precision approach procedure, what are the weather minima required to land at that airport?

A

Weather must allow for descent from the MEA, approach, and landing under basic VFR

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24
Q

If the aircraft’s transponder fails during flight within Class B airspace, what should the pilot do?

A

14 CFR 91.215(d)(2)
- Request for deviation with the ATC facility having jurisdiction to the ultimate destination or where repairs can be made

  • Request can be made at any time
25
Q

How much in advance is required to request an ATC deviation for an aircraft operating with a transponder without Mode C capability

A

Request can be made at any time

26
Q

If planning on operating an aircraft in Bravo airspace without a transponder, what must you do?

A
  • Request ATC authorized deviation
  • Must be made at least 1 hour before the proposed operation
27
Q

Minimum en route altitude along a jet route is:

A

18,000’ MSL

28
Q

When is radar service terminated during a visual approach?

A

Automatically when ATC instructs the pilot to contact the tower

29
Q

What are the only pieces of information required as part of an abbreviated clearance?

A
  • Destination airport
  • Route
30
Q

When in “radar contact”, what should the pilot do from then on, and what is resumed when “radar contact lost” or “radar service terminated”?

A
  • When in “radar contact” pilot should discontinue position reports over designated reporting points
  • “Radar Contact Lost” or “Radar service terminated”, you should report position over designated reporting points
31
Q

When using GPS for navigation and IAP w/out WAAS input, any required alternate airport must have:

A
  • An approved operational IAP other than GPS
32
Q

What information will always be given in an abbreviated departure clearance?

A
  • Destination and fix plus specific altitude
33
Q

When can you log instrument time, and give some examples? (61.57)

A
  • If flying the plane solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions
  • Over open water, on a dark moonless night, if you can’t see the horizon and could not operate without your instruments (you’re in actual IMC and can log it)
34
Q

When logging flight time currency, what information should you be sure to include? (61.57)

A
  • Location and type of each instrument approach accomplished
  • Name of the safety pilot if required
35
Q

How can a pilot get current with 66HIT for IFR currency?

A
  • Simulated instrument flight with a safety pilot 91.109 (c)(1)(i). Pilot must hold at least a PPL w/ category and class rating appropriate
  • In a flight simulator

or

  • With a CFII doing an IPC
36
Q

What are 91.167 fuel requirements for IFR conditions?

A
  • You need enough fuel to fly to first airport of intended landing and fly after that for 45 minutes, unless an alternate (1-2-3)
  • If alt. airport is required, you must have enough fuel to fly to first airport, then alternate, and then for another 45 min
37
Q

What is the 1-2-3 rule for determining if you need an alternate airport for your flight?

A
  • 1 hour before or after flight the ceiling must be:
  • 2,000’ and visibility must be:
  • 3 sm

If it is within these minimums, you do not need an alternate airport to file

38
Q

What other conditions would you need to file an alternate airport regardless of 1-2-3 rule?

A
  • If the first airport of intended landing does not have an IAP
39
Q

If your planned filed alternate airport does not have a published IAP, can you use it as an alternate?

A
  • Yes, but you must be able to satisfy min ceiling/vis from MEA and land under basic VFR
40
Q

What does the “A” symbol is on the approach plate, what does this mean? (91.106)

A
  • non-standard IFR minimums exist
  • Read notes unless “N/A” appears after “A” symbol. This means it’s not authorized to file as an alternate
41
Q

What are standard alternate WX minimums if the airport has a precision approach and non-precision approach? (91.169(c))

A

Precision wx Minima
- 600’ ceilings
- 2 SM visibility

Non-Precision wx Minima
- 800’ ceilings
- 2 SM visibility

42
Q

What are takeoff minimums under Part 91 operations? (Part 91.175)

A
  • No legal takeoff minimums for pilots flying under part 91 rules
  • Legal doesn’t mean “safe”, good rule of thumb is never take off unless weather is good enough to shoot an approach back into the airport should an emergency occur
43
Q

What are the 10 items that are considered the “runway environment” in order to descend to land?

A
  • You need one of the following to descend to land
  1. Threshold
  2. Threshold Markings
  3. Threshold Lights
  4. Runway
  5. Runway Markings
  6. Runway Lights
  7. Touchdown Zone / Touchdown Zone Markings
  8. Touchdown Zone Lights
  9. Visual Glideslope Indicator
  10. Runway End Identifier Lights
44
Q

What is guaranteed with the MOCA? (91.177)

A
  • Obstacle clearance for the entire route
  • Nav signal only within 22 NM (25 SM) of the VOR
45
Q

What is the MRA?

A
  • Minimum Reception Altitude
  • The lowest altitude at which a fix can be determined
  • Any lower you won’t be able to receive the nav signal to find the point
46
Q

What are the IFR cruising altitudes?

A
  • 0° to 179° odd 1,000’s (ex. 5, 7, 9, 11)
  • 180° to 359° even 1,000’s (ex. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
47
Q

What must be reported at designated reporting points, or points specified by ATC, and what other info must be passed on to ATC as soon as possible? (91.183)

A
  • Time and altitude of passing each designated reporting point
  • Any unforecast weather conditions
  • Any other info relating to the safety of flight
48
Q

When there are malfunctions of navigational, approach, or communication equipment you must report this to ATC. What must this report include? (91.187)

A
  • Aircraft ID
  • Equipment affected
  • Degree to which the capability of the pilot to operate under IFR in the ATC system is impaired
  • Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC
49
Q

What are IFR reporting points IN RADAR CONTACT?

A

SAMHAP

  • Safety of flight items (wx, equipment malfunctions (91.187)
  • Avionics loss (squawk 7600)
  • Missed (when going missed on approach)
  • Holding (when entering/leaving holding altitude
  • Altitude (leaving assigned alt. under IFR or when changing when VFR on top)
  • Performance (unable to climb/descend @500fpm or change in TAS +/- 10kts or 5%)
50
Q

What are BasicMed requirements? (AC 68-1A)

A
  1. Hold a valid DL license
  2. Hold or have held a medical cert. issued by the FAA at any point after July 14, 2006
  3. Answer the health questions on the Comprehensive Medical Exam Checklist (CMEC)
  4. Get your physical exam by any state-licensed physician , and have that physician complete the CMEC (make sure to keep it with you)
  5. Take BasicMed online medical education course. Keep course completion doc issued to you.
51
Q

What are BasicMed privileges?

A
  1. Fly with no more than 5 pax
  2. MTOW of a/c to operated is nore more than 6,000lbs
  3. Fly an a/c that is authorized to carry no more than 6 occupants
  4. Flights within US at IAS of 250 knots or less, and at and below 18,000’ MSL
  5. May not fly for compensation or hire
52
Q

When can a pilot exercising BasicMed act as PIC under instrument flight rules?

A
  • Only when the PIC is IR rated and current
53
Q

What 3 things are required for pilot to descend below MDA/DH to land at an airport?

A
  1. Must be able to descend to land in normal configuration
  2. Required Visibility
  3. Runway environment in sight
    • If ALS is in sight, you may descend no lower than 100’ above the TDZE unless you have the red terminating bars in sight
54
Q

What lighting systems have the “red terminating lights”, allowing you to descend below 100’ above TDZE?

A
  1. ALSF-1 (CAT I ALS)
  2. ALSF-2 (CAT II ALS)
  3. SALS/SALSF
55
Q

What are the 3 definitions of night?

A
  1. Civil Twilight
  2. 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise
  3. Sunset to sunrise
56
Q

When can I log night flight time?

A

From the end of evening civil twilight to the beginning of civil twilight

57
Q

What is the definition of night for logging takeoff and landings to a full stop?

A

1 hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise

58
Q

What definition of night requires me to have my lights on for night operations?

A

The period of sunset to sunrise

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