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IFR Study > Navigation > Flashcards

Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

What info does the VOR give you?

A

The radial you’re on

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2
Q

How do you find out the range of the VOR signal?

A
  • Check chart supplement
  • AIM Chapter 1-1-8 figure 1-1-1
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3
Q

If flying IFR off VOR navigation stations, what should pilots check before deciding to use that specific VOR?

A
  • Check the reception distance
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4
Q

What are limitations of using a VOR for navigation?

A
  • Signal could be blocked by mountainous terrain and could hinder the ability of the frequency to reach your a/c
  • Cone of confusion occurs 1-2 miles from the station
  • Rev sensing

-

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5
Q

What are the differences between these VOR/VORTAC/VOR-DME?

A

VORTAC: Has a military VOR and common VOR

VOR: Normal VOR

VOR-DME: Has distance measuring equipment

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6
Q

Describe the isosceles triangle method to finding out distance to the station VOR?

A
  1. Pick a radial 10° from current radial
  2. Take a 10° to intercept

Time to station = time to intercept

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7
Q

What should I check first once tuned into the VOR or localizer frequency?

A

Check and verify the VOR morse code is correct

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8
Q

What will you see on the CDI needle when flying over the VOR?

A

The red flag will show on the CDI instrument

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9
Q

How do I avoid reverse sensing?

A

Fly TO the station with “TO” indication

Fly From the station with a “FROM” indication

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10
Q

VODGA checks

A
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11
Q

SPED VOR Checks: FAR 91.171 (d)

A
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12
Q

How do I find out which airport has a VOT?

A

Check chart supplements

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13
Q

What can I use to measure distance from a station without a DME?

A

GPS can replace a DME for measuring distance

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14
Q

What does a DME arc do?

A

It maintains a specific distance from a station

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15
Q

What are the 3 elements of a GPS?

A

Space: 31 satellites in 6 orbital planes, they are arranged in a way that there are always 6 satellites in view at any time on earth

Control: A network of ground based GPS monitoring and control stations that ensure the accuracy of satellite positions and clocks

User:

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16
Q

What is RAIM?

A

A function that lets the pilot know the GPS is no longer accurate.

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17
Q

How many satellites does RAIM need?

A
  • 5 satellites

or

  • 4 w/ a baro-aiding altimeter
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18
Q

Benefits of WAAS system?

A
  • Accuracy
  • Does not require backup navigation system
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19
Q

The GPS CDI needle measures degrees or distance?

A

Distance, VOR CDI measures degrees

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20
Q

If you receive a single coded identification once every 30 seconds, this means that:

A
  • The VOR is inoperative, but the DME is operative
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21
Q

What are VOR components?

A

Omnibearing Selector: Enables you to select the course you wish to fly

To-From Flag: Tells you if flying the course selected will take you closer TO or farther FROM the VOR station

Left-Right Needle: Turn right or left to center the needle to put you on course

22
Q

What is fault detection exclusion?

A

RAIM needs 6 satellites in view to isolate a corrupt satellite signal and remove it from the solution

23
Q

How many satellites are there in space?

24
Q

What is a GEO stationary satellite?

A

It’s a satellite that rotates at the same speed as the earth

25
Q

How fast does the earth rotate?

A

15° per hour

26
Q

How big is the error with GPS and a GPS w/ WAAS?

A
  • 10’ with WAAS
  • 50’ without WAAS
27
Q

How often must GPS database be updated?

A

Every 28 days

28
Q

What are the three original standard service volumes of NAVAIDS?

A
  • Terminal (T)
  • Low (L)
  • High (H)
29
Q

What are the basic components of an ILS?

A
  • Localizer
  • Glide slope
  • Outer marker
  • Inner marker (when installed for CAT II or CAT III IAP)
30
Q

What are the functions of the localizer, glide slope, outer marker and visual information?

A
  • Guidance: Localizer, glide slope
  • Range Information: DME, marker beacons
  • Visual Information: Lights, touchdown centerline, runway lights
31
Q

What part of the ILS can be replaced by another NAVAID?

A
  • The outer marker can be replaced by other forms of DME (i.e. GPS capable of locating distance between fixes, PAR, ASR)
32
Q

Without RAIM, the pilot has no assurance of?

A
  • GPS position integrity
33
Q

How will you know if your GPS doesn’t have RAIM avaialble?

A
  • Message will indicate that there are not enough satellites to provide RAIM (requires 5 or 6 if equipped with FDE)
  • The second type indicates that the RAIM integrity monitor has detected a potential error and that there is an inconsistency in the navigation solution for the given phase of flight
34
Q

What is the FDE function of RAIM?

A

Fault Detection Exclusion

  • This allows the GPS receiver to isolate the corrupt satellite signal, remove it from the position solution, and still provide an integrity-assured position.
35
Q

When inbound for an approach, when is it up to the pilot to make turns at their own discretion to intercept the app course?

A
  • When there’s only a barb depicted
  • If a racetrack or a teardrop is depicted on the approach plate, then the turn must be flown as shown
  • Must remain within 10 miles of the fix
36
Q

When are procedure turns not required for an approach?

A

NORTH

N- Not authorized NoPT written on chart

O- Otherwise directed by ATC

R- Radar vectors are being given

T- Timed approaches from a holding fix are in affect

H- Holding pattern or teardrop pattern is depicted in lieu of PT

37
Q

How is a timed approach performed at an airport with no radar or ATC radar is temp out of service?

A
  • ATC will put you into a hold and give you a specific time to leave the hold and begin the approach
  • Only leave at assigned time, as multiple other a/c may be sequenced before and after you
38
Q

What conditions must be met for a timed approach?

A
  • Operating control tower
  • Direct comms
  • NO course reversals in the missed approaches
  • If only one MAP, ceiling & vis must be higher than circling minimums
39
Q

When are side step maneuvers available?

and

When should you side step if given instructions to do so?

A
  • When parallel runways are 1200’ or less apart
  • Side step as soon as possible after the runway environment is in sight
40
Q

In order to request “contact approach” what are the requirements?

A
  • Must be requested by the pilot
  • Airport must have standard or special IAP
  • Reported ground vis must be at least 1SM
  • Must remain clear of cloud, w/ 1sm of visibility throughout approach
41
Q

In order to land from an approach, what 3 things is needed?

A
  1. Required vis
  2. Able to descend using normal maneuvers
  3. RWY environment in sight
42
Q

If runway visual is lost during circling approach, what’s the procedure for executing a missed approach?

A
  • Make a climbing turn toward the landing runway and continue until established on the missed approach course
43
Q

What frequencies do VORs operate on?

A

108.0 - 117.95 MHz VHF band

44
Q

Where can I find the distances/range of different variations of VOR stations?

45
Q

What does a single coded signal and no coded signal mean when trying to IDENT a VOR?

A
  • Single Coded identifier once every 30 seconds means the VOR isn’t working but the DME still does
  • If none received, the VOR has been taken off air
46
Q

For flight planning purposes, how far apart should NAVAIDs be?

A

Below FL180: Use NAVAIDs no more than 80 NM apart

Between FL145 - 17,999’ MSL: “H” - High Altitude service NAVAIDs no more than 200 NM apart

47
Q

Briefly describe a GPS WAAS system:

A
  • WAAS GPS ground stations receive GPS signals and forwards position errors to master stations
  • The errors are corrected and uplinked to geostationary satellites
  • Satellites send GPS signals to WAAS/GPS receivers, which corrects the position of the a/c
48
Q

What are the 3 function of an ILS?

A
  1. Guidance Information: Localizer/Glide Slope
  2. Range Information: Marker Beacons, DME
  3. Visual Information: ALS, Touchdown Centerline Lights, Runway Lights
49
Q

What are some means that can be used to substitute for OM?

A
  1. Compass Locator
  2. Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
  3. Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)
  4. DME
  5. VOR
  6. RNAV systems capable of identification of a fix
50
Q

Inner Markers (IM) are installed for use with:

A
  • CAT II OR CAT III IAP

IFR Study (18 decks)

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