Pre-Flight/ADM Flashcards
91.3 Regulation
- PIC Responsibility
What section can I find VOR equipment check for IFR operations?
14 CFR 91.171
What is the max allowable tolerance between the two indicators of a dual VOR system when making a VOR check?
4° between the 2 indicated bearing of the VOR’s when turned to the same ground VOR facility
Required aircraft maintenance inspections:
Annual Inspection (12 mos) 91.409
VOR Check (30 days) 91.171
100-hour inspection 91.409
Altimeter (24 mos) 91.411
Transponder 91.413 (24 mos)
ELT (12 mos/1hr /50% life
Static System (24 mos)
91.205
- Altimeter
- Tachometer (each engine)
- Oil temp (each engine)
- Manifold Pressure gauge (each engine)
- ASI
- Temp. gauge (liquid cooled engine)
- Oil press. gauge (each engine)
- Fuel gauge
- Landing gear position lights
- Anti-collision lights
- Magnetic compass
- ELT
- Safety Belts
Night VFR flight required equipment in addition to 91.205
“FLAPS”
- Fuses (spare set)
- Landing light (for hire)
- Anti-collision lights
- Position lights (nav lights
- Source of power (batter)
Minimum equipment for IFR flight:
91.205 + FLAPS (if at night) “GRABCARD”
- Generator/Alternator
- Radio (2-way & nav)
- Altimeter (pressure sensitive)
- Ball (slip/skid indicator)
- Clock (installed in aircraft)
- Attitude Indicator
- Rate of turn Indicator
- Directional Gyro (heading indicator)
Preflight 91.203 information before flight:
“NWKRAFT”
NOTAMS
Weather
Known ATC Delays
Runway Lengths
Alternate Airports
Fuel Requirements
Takeoff/Landing Distances info
If my alternate airport chosen has non-standard alternate requirements that can be complied with (“A” indication on approach plate), what are the forecasted minimums to be met at ETA?
PAP: 600’ ceiling, 2SM vis
non-PAP: 800’ ceiling 2SM vis
No Approach: Able to descend from MEA & land VFR
Your forecasted weather minimums at your alternate can be met, but your a/c isn’t WAAS equipped. What can you do?
- Plan flight to airports with only RNAV approaches at either the destination or alternate, but not both
Your forecasted weather minimums at your alternate can be met, but your a/c is WAAS equipped. How can you plan your flight?
- Plan flight to airports with RNAV approaches at BOTH destination and alternate
What are requirements for a person to act as a safety pilot?
- Hold at least a PPL
- Possess appropriate medical cert.
- If flight to be conducted on IFR flight plan, the person acting as PIC of the flight must hold an IR and be current
As a IR pilot, can you fly IFR under BasicMed?
- BasicMed does not restrict IMC flying for IR rated piltos
- Equipment restrictions still apply to pilot with BasicMed medical
What conditions are necessary for a pilot to log instrument time?
- Only for that time when the person operates the a/c solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions
When logging instrument time, what should be included in each logbook entry? (61.51)
- Location and type of instrument approach accomplished
- Name of safety pilot (if applicable)
What are 4 methods a pilot may use to conduct and log IAP?
- Actual instrument flight conditions flown in an a/c
- Simulated instrument flight conditions, using a view-limiting device flown w/ safety pilot
- Simulated instrument conditions conducted in FFS (full flight sim), FTD (flight training device), or ATD (aviation training device)
- Combination of methods 1 thorough 3 as prescribed by 91.57c(4)
When flying an IAP in IMC, does the FAA require ceiling to be at MDA or DA/DH before the approach may be logged?
- No ceiling requirement
- You’ll either enter VMC and land, or stay IMC and execute a missed approach at the MAP or DA/DH.
- Both conditions allow you to log the IAP
What are fuel requirements for IFR flight conditions?
- Enough fuel to first airport of intended landing, and after that for 45 min at normal cruising speed
- If alternated is required, fuel must be enough to go there in addition to the first airport, and then 45 min after the alt. airport
When is RAIM check required?
- If operating TSO-C129 (non-WAAS) equipped a/c
- GPS RAIM must be confirmed if using for RNAV and RNP requirement, must be confirmed for intended route of flight (route and time) using current GPS satellite info
- IF WAAS equipped, RAIM check not required
- If loss of RAIM more than 5 min, flight must be terminated, delayed or re-routed where RAIM requirements can be met
What are ways a pilot can use to satisfy RAIM check?
- Contact FSS to obtain non-precision approach RAIM
- Use Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) on http://sapt.faa.gove/default.php
- Use third-party interface, incorporating FAA/Volpe Center RAIM prediction data
- Use receiver’s installed RAIM prediction capability
Aircraft instrument/equipment required for IFR operations? (91.205)
In addition to VFR day and night ATOMATOFLAMES plus: GRABCARD
Generator/Alternator
Radio
Altimeter
Ball (inclinometer)
Clock
Attitude Indicator
Rate of turn (turn coordinator)
Directional Gyro
DME or RNAV
How often are GPS databases required to be updated?
- GPS navigation database every 28 days
- Obstacle databases may be updated every 56 days
Can a GPS w/ an expired database be used for navigation under IFR?
- No. The GPS/FMS must be current if the system is to be used for IFR approaches
Can a pilot perform the required database updates or must this action be accomplished by authorized maintenance personnel? (43.3)
- Updates can be performed by the pilot if they can be initiated from the flight deck, without disassembly of the avionics unit, and performed without the use of tools and/or special equipment
- Updating databases for self-contained, front-panel, or pedestal mounted GPS units is a non-maintenance task, and does not require an entry in the a/c logbook
When using GPS for IFR navigation, are you required to have an alternate means of navigation appropriate for the route of flight?
- If non-WAAS GPS is being used then an alternate means of navigation must be available (like VOR). Ensure if available during pre-flight.
- If RAIM is available for GPS, active monitoring of alt nav is not required
- If RAIM is lost, active monitoring required
- If WAAS GPS used, no alternate nav required for IFR flight
How can a pilot determine what type of operations a GPS receiver is approved for?
- Pilot should reference the FAA-approved AFM and AFM supplements to determine limitations and operating procedure for particular GPS equipment installed
What are the purpose of static wicks on the airplane, and what purpose do they serve?
- They reduce radio receiver interference caused by corona discharge emitted from the a/c as a result of precipitation static (rain, snow, other airborne particles)
- P-Static problems can include loss of VHF comms, and erroneous magnetic compass readings to the annoyance of high-pitched audio squealing
When must a pilot file an IFR flight plan?
- Prior to departure from within or prior to entering controlled airspace
- Pilot must submit a complete flight plan and receive clearance from ATC if weather conditions are below VFR minimums
- Pilot should file flight plan at least 30 min prior to ETD to preclude a possible delay in receiving a departure clearance from ATC
When will ATC delete from the system a departure flight plan that has not been activated?
- 2 hours after proposed departure time or Expected Departure Clearance Time (EDCT)
- Pilots whose actual departure time will be beyond the 2 hour period are requested to notify ATC of their revised departure time
When can you cancel an IFR flight plan?
- Anytime in VFR conditions outside of Class A airspace
- Other procedures may apply when canceling IFR flight plan (TRSA, Class C, Class B airspace etc.)
After filing and IFR flight plan, can you depart VFR and pick up IFR clearance in the air?
- Yes, but consider:
- You must maintain separation between you and traffic
- You are responsible for maintaining terrain and obstacle clearance as well as remain in VFR conditions. You can’t enter IMC until you get clearance
- Departing VFR relieves ATC of these duties, and basically requires them only to provide you with safety alerts as workload permits
- Must maintain VFR until you obtain IFR clearance. If below minimum IFR altitude for operations in area, you accept responsibility for terrain/obstruction clearance until you reach that altitude
What are alternate airport requirements?
1-2-3 rules
- If 1 hour before or after ceiling isn’t 2,000’ and 3 SM vis an alternate is required with following criteria
- PAP: Ceiling 600’ 2 SM vis
- non-precision: Ceiling 800’ 2 SM vis
- No IAP, must be able to descend to land from MEA an approach in basic VFR conditions
During pre-flight planning phase your destination airport has no IAP, and the weather forecasted to be 3,000’ ceilings, 5 SM vis., 1 hour before and after ETA. Is an alternate airport required to be filed? (91.169)
- Yes. (91.169) If the airport of intended landing has an IAP then an alt is not required. Therefore, an alternate is required.
You just executed the MAP, and can’t get in contact with ATC. You make the decision to go proceed to your file alternate. Does ATC know where your alternate is? Can you divert to a different alternate aiport?
- No ATC does not know where my designated alternate filed airport is. That information is not presented to ATC.
- There’s no requirement to fly to your filed alternate airport.
- You can fly to any alternate airport considering conditions (fuel, WX, etc.).
- You must attain an amended clearance from ATC if a diversion to an alternate is required
- Filing alt. airport is a fuel planning ensuring enough fuel for a plan B
What’s the definition of the term ceiling?
- Ceiling is defined as the height of the clouds above the earth’s surface.
- Reported as broken, overcast, or obscuration
If your a/c GPS does not have WAAS, what restrictions do you have for filing an alternate?
- That alternate must have an IAP that does not require GPS
- If alternate airport has an IAP that’s out of service and you’re still able to use non-WAAS GPS, you cannot file that airport as an alternate
What restrictions apply to flight planning when using WAAS avionics at the alternate airport? (AIM 1-1-18)
- Flight planning must be based on flying the RNAV (GPS) LNAV or circling minima line, or minima on a GPS approach procedure
- Non-precision weather minima (91.169) must be met for using as alt
What are low-altitude charts? (AIM 9-1-4)
- Provide aeronautical info for flights under IFR conditions
- Below 18,000’ MSL
- Charts are revised every 56 days
- All courses are magnetic and distances are in nautical miles (NM)
What info can be found in the chart supplement US which might be helpful in route planning?
- Special notices: prohibited areas, aerobatic and glider practice areas, noise abatement
- ARTCC’s low and high altitude transmitter site frequencies
- FSS frequencies
- Routes/waypoints
- GPS Q routes
- VOR receiver checkpoints and VOT’s
- Aeronautical chart bulletins
How can a pilot check the type and status of an IAP light system at a destination airport?
- Pilot should check chart supplements
- An FSS briefer will also have access to any recent changes in the status of airport lighting system
What information would you get from NOTAM (D)?
- Info regarding enroute NAVAIDS, civil public-use airports listed in chart supplements
What info would you get from FDC NOTAMs?
-Regulatory info, such as changes to IFR charts, procedures , and airspace usage
What are Pointer NOTAMs?
- Issued by FSS to highlight, or point out another NOTAM
- eg. Assist users in cross-referencing important info that may not be found under an airport or NAVAID identifier
SAA NOTAMs provide what info?
- Issued when Special Activity Airspace will be active outside of published scheduled time
- i.e. MOA’s, warning areas, restricted areas etc.
Military NOTAM information gives you what info?
- These NOTAMs pertain to U.S. Air Force, Army, Marine Navy etc. regarding military operations
How can a pilot find out more info on GPS NOTAMs?
- A pilot can specifically request from an FSS briefer during preflight briefings. Also, NOTAMs about known GPS service disruptions can be found at https://notams.aim.faa.gov//notamsearch
During taxi, how can you determine if your attitude indicator is unreliable?
-The horizon bar tilts more than 5° while making taxi turns
- The horizon bar should remain in the horizontal position and does not tipe more than 5° during taxi
What’s the pretakeoff check that should be made of a vacuum driven heading indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?
- After 5 min set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the a/c and check for proper alignment after taxi turns
