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Applied Biochem > Regulation Of Gene Expression- Exam III > Flashcards

Regulation Of Gene Expression- Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

All letters in a gene name are:

A

Italicized

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2
Q

In human genes _____ letters are capitalized and in rodents and other species:

A

Human genes: all letters capitalized
Other species genes: first letter capitalized

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3
Q

What are the general requirements for gene expression control?

A

Transcriptional machinery

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4
Q

What are the gene specific requirements for gene expression control? (4)

A
  1. Intracellular hormone-receptor complexes
  2. Intracellular 2nd messengers
  3. Gene specific (class specific) transcription factors
  4. Gene regulatory sequences
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5
Q

Activates or increases gene expression

A

Activator

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6
Q

Activates increases gene expression but requires a buddy system

A

Coactivators

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7
Q

Transcription factors that decreases gene expression

A

Repressors

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8
Q

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression but requires buddy system

A

Corepressors

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9
Q

Islands of CpG dinucleotide sequences to produce 5-meC

A

DNA methylation

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10
Q

DNA methylation adds a 5 methyl group on the cytosine which causes:

A

Compaction of DNA into heterochromatin

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11
Q

DNA exists in a highly condensed _____ form.

A

Nucleosome

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12
Q

Dependent upon if you are looking at the major or minor groove:

A

Different molecules will be available interact with

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13
Q

A DNA binding protein motif: common in transcription factors and consists of alpha helices bound by a looping stretch of amino acids

A

Helix-loop helix

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14
Q

A DNA binding protein motif: that has multiple types, but all have a bound zinc metal ion associated with the protein. Some have an alpha helix plus a beta sheet structure, while others have a more helix turn helix structural motif.

A

Zinc finger motifs

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15
Q

Zinc finger motifs can be ____ or ______.

A

Monomer or dimers

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16
Q

A DNA binding protein motif: consisting of two alpha helices joined by a short stretch of amino acids.

A

Helix-turn-helix

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17
Q

A DNA binding protein motif: two proteins each with an alpha helix (formed largely by consecutive leucine residues) form a Y-shaped and coil-coiled structure. It results in both protein and DNA binding.

A

Leucine Zipper

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18
Q

The majority of DNA binding proteins function as (2)

A
  1. Dimers
  2. Tandem clusters
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19
Q

A particular sequence of amino acids or nucleic acids that has associated with it some type of function- shared sequences

A

Motif

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20
Q

A motif that is capable of promoting both DNA binding and dimerization of itself.

A

Leucine zipper

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21
Q

_____ have a specific nucleotide sequences so they can position certain critical nucleotides in the correct groove.

A

Consensus nuclear response element

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22
Q

In prokaryotes, the repressors and activator binding sites are generally closely juxtaposed to the:

A

RNA polymerase binding site

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23
Q

In eukaryotes, it’s believed that the DNA regulator sequences can be located at greats distances relative to the _________ of transcription.

A

Start site

24
Q

Contains the start site of transcription for many RNA polymerase II genes and binds TFIID

A

INR

25
Q

Site located at +30 BP 3’ to the start site and binds TFIID

A

DPE

26
Q

Sequence located at -35 5’ of the start site that binds TFIIB

A

BRE

27
Q

What does BRE bind?

A

TFIIB

28
Q

What does DPE bind?

A

TFIID

29
Q

What does INR bind?

A

TFIID

30
Q

What does the TATA box bind?

A

TBP subunit of TFIID

31
Q

Many DNA proteins have DNA binding activity but may not have:

A

Transactivating activity

32
Q

Transactivating activity:

A

Turns on the expression of a gene

33
Q

If a DNA protein does not have transactivating activity, they must have:

A

Another protein paired with them to turn on the gene

34
Q

When you have a gene activator that binds to chromatin, what occurs next?

A

Chromatin remodling- to open up

35
Q

The chromatin remodeling process often involves:

A

Histone modification enzymes - associated with the nucleosomes

36
Q

Histone modifications will:

A

Methylate or demethylate or acetylate or deacetylate to relax the nucleosome structure

37
Q

Mediators, general transcription factors, and RNA polymerase assemble ______ at the Promotor.

A

Pre-initiation complex

38
Q

The autosomes and X-chromosomes are amenable to linkage mapping studies because:

A

They undergo recombination

39
Q

The Y-chromosome with the exception of the pseudoautosomal region does:

A

Not undergo recombination

40
Q

The most commonly used technology for identifying mutations in genes is:

A

DNA/RNA sequencing coupled with databases

41
Q

What allows us to identify causal mutations in those cases where a large family suitable for linkage analysis is not available?

A

Exome sequencing

42
Q

Sequencing the entire genome:

A

Genome sequencing

43
Q

Only sequencing the bits of information that code for proteins

A

Exomic sequencing

44
Q

A means to look at what genes are being expressed inside a cell:

A

Transcriptomic sequencing or RNA-seq

45
Q

What allows us to look at DNA methylation, ChIP sequencing, and ribosome profiling?

A

Epigenomics

46
Q

OPPG individuals bone density is:

A

Extremely low

47
Q

What gene is mutated in the HBM individual?

A

LRP5

48
Q

Loss of function mutations give rise to _______, while gain of function mutations give rise to_____

A

OPPG, and HBM

49
Q

HBM mutation in LRP5 is due to

A

A single amino acid change

50
Q

LRP5 and LRP6 had a role in the ______ pathways

A

WNT/Beta-catenin signaling pathway

51
Q

Beta catenin is known to be a ____ so it needs to be tightly regulated

A

Oncogenic gene

52
Q

Sclerostin binds LRP5/6 and inhibits:

A

Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling

53
Q

Protein that forms a complex with DNA and may or may not have transactivating ability:

A

DNA binding protein

54
Q

DNA sequence that modulates transcription in and orientation and location independent fashion

A

Enhancer

55
Q

DNA sequence or Promotor that serves to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins

A

Nuclear response element

56
Q

Transcription factors that bind DNA, “read” the DNA sequence based upon interaction between specific ____ in their DNA binding motif, and ______ that are present in the major and minor grooves of the DNA.

A

Amino acids; proton donors/acceptors

57
Q

Different types of DNA binding proteins use different types of _______ structure motifs to interact with the major and minor grooves of DNA

A

Secondary/tertiary

Applied Biochem (18 decks)

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