Regulation Of Gene Expression- Exam III

Question 1

All letters in a gene name are:

Answer 1

Italicized

Question 2

In human genes _____ letters are capitalized and in rodents and other species:

Answer 2

Human genes: all letters capitalized
Other species genes: first letter capitalized

Question 3

What are the general requirements for gene expression control?

Answer 3

Transcriptional machinery

Question 4

What are the gene specific requirements for gene expression control? (4)

Answer 4

1. Intracellular hormone-receptor complexes
2. Intracellular 2nd messengers
3. Gene specific (class specific) transcription factors
4. Gene regulatory sequences

Question 5

Activates or increases gene expression

Answer 5

Activator

Question 6

Activates increases gene expression but requires a buddy system

Answer 6

Coactivators

Question 7

Transcription factors that decreases gene expression

Answer 7

Repressors

Question 8

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression but requires buddy system

Answer 8

Corepressors

Question 9

Islands of CpG dinucleotide sequences to produce 5-meC

Answer 9

DNA methylation

Question 10

DNA methylation adds a 5 methyl group on the cytosine which causes:

Answer 10

Compaction of DNA into heterochromatin

Question 11

DNA exists in a highly condensed _____ form.

Answer 11

Nucleosome

Question 12

Dependent upon if you are looking at the major or minor groove:

Answer 12

Different molecules will be available interact with

Question 13

A DNA binding protein motif: common in transcription factors and consists of alpha helices bound by a looping stretch of amino acids

Answer 13

Helix-loop helix

Question 14

A DNA binding protein motif: that has multiple types, but all have a bound zinc metal ion associated with the protein. Some have an alpha helix plus a beta sheet structure, while others have a more helix turn helix structural motif.

Answer 14

Zinc finger motifs

Question 15

Zinc finger motifs can be ____ or ______.

Answer 15

Monomer or dimers

Question 16

A DNA binding protein motif: consisting of two alpha helices joined by a short stretch of amino acids.

Answer 16

Helix-turn-helix

Question 17

A DNA binding protein motif: two proteins each with an alpha helix (formed largely by consecutive leucine residues) form a Y-shaped and coil-coiled structure. It results in both protein and DNA binding.

Answer 17

Leucine Zipper

Question 18

The majority of DNA binding proteins function as (2)

Answer 18

1. Dimers
2. Tandem clusters

Question 19

A particular sequence of amino acids or nucleic acids that has associated with it some type of function- shared sequences

Answer 19

Motif

Question 20

A motif that is capable of promoting both DNA binding and dimerization of itself.

Answer 20

Leucine zipper

Question 21

_____ have a specific nucleotide sequences so they can position certain critical nucleotides in the correct groove.

Answer 21

Consensus nuclear response element

Question 22

In prokaryotes, the repressors and activator binding sites are generally closely juxtaposed to the:

Answer 22

RNA polymerase binding site

Question 23

In eukaryotes, it’s believed that the DNA regulator sequences can be located at greats distances relative to the _________ of transcription.

Answer 23

Start site

Question 24

Contains the start site of transcription for many RNA polymerase II genes and binds TFIID

Answer 24

INR

Question 25

Site located at +30 BP 3’ to the start site and binds TFIID

Answer 25

DPE

Question 26

Sequence located at -35 5’ of the start site that binds TFIIB

Answer 26

BRE

Question 27

What does BRE bind?

Answer 27

TFIIB

Question 28

What does DPE bind?

Answer 28

TFIID

Question 29

What does INR bind?

Answer 29

TFIID

Question 30

What does the TATA box bind?

Answer 30

TBP subunit of TFIID

Question 31

Many DNA proteins have DNA binding activity but may not have:

Answer 31

Transactivating activity

Question 32

Transactivating activity:

Answer 32

Turns on the expression of a gene

Question 33

If a DNA protein does not have transactivating activity, they must have:

Answer 33

Another protein paired with them to turn on the gene

Question 34

When you have a gene activator that binds to chromatin, what occurs next?

Answer 34

Chromatin remodling- to open up

Question 35

The chromatin remodeling process often involves:

Answer 35

Histone modification enzymes - associated with the nucleosomes

Question 36

Histone modifications will:

Answer 36

Methylate or demethylate or acetylate or deacetylate to relax the nucleosome structure

Question 37

Mediators, general transcription factors, and RNA polymerase assemble ______ at the Promotor.

Answer 37

Pre-initiation complex

Question 38

The autosomes and X-chromosomes are amenable to linkage mapping studies because:

Answer 38

They undergo recombination

Question 39

The Y-chromosome with the exception of the pseudoautosomal region does:

Answer 39

Not undergo recombination

Question 40

The most commonly used technology for identifying mutations in genes is:

Answer 40

DNA/RNA sequencing coupled with databases

Question 41

What allows us to identify causal mutations in those cases where a large family suitable for linkage analysis is not available?

Answer 41

Exome sequencing

Question 42

Sequencing the entire genome:

Answer 42

Genome sequencing

Question 43

Only sequencing the bits of information that code for proteins

Answer 43

Exomic sequencing

Question 44

A means to look at what genes are being expressed inside a cell:

Answer 44

Transcriptomic sequencing or RNA-seq

Question 45

What allows us to look at DNA methylation, ChIP sequencing, and ribosome profiling?

Answer 45

Epigenomics

Question 46

OPPG individuals bone density is:

Answer 46

Extremely low

Question 47

What gene is mutated in the HBM individual?

Answer 47

LRP5

Question 48

Loss of function mutations give rise to _______, while gain of function mutations give rise to_____

Answer 48

OPPG, and HBM

Question 49

HBM mutation in LRP5 is due to

Answer 49

A single amino acid change

Question 50

LRP5 and LRP6 had a role in the ______ pathways

Answer 50

WNT/Beta-catenin signaling pathway

Question 51

Beta catenin is known to be a ____ so it needs to be tightly regulated

Answer 51

Oncogenic gene

Question 52

Sclerostin binds LRP5/6 and inhibits:

Answer 52

Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling

Question 53

Protein that forms a complex with DNA and may or may not have transactivating ability:

Answer 53

DNA binding protein

Question 54

DNA sequence that modulates transcription in and orientation and location independent fashion

Answer 54

Enhancer

Question 55

DNA sequence or Promotor that serves to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins

Answer 55

Nuclear response element

Question 56

Transcription factors that bind DNA, “read” the DNA sequence based upon interaction between specific ____ in their DNA binding motif, and ______ that are present in the major and minor grooves of the DNA.

Answer 56

Amino acids; proton donors/acceptors

Question 57

Different types of DNA binding proteins use different types of _______ structure motifs to interact with the major and minor grooves of DNA

Answer 57

Secondary/tertiary