Regulation of Arterial Pressure Flashcards
Baroreceptors are __1___ receptors located within the walls of the __2____ near the bifurcation of the ___3___.
- Stretch
- carotid sinus
- common carotid arteries
Steps in the baroreceptor reflex. Fill in the blanks.
A decrease in arterial pressure __1__ stretch on the walls of the ___2__.
Decreased stretch __3__ the firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve, which carries information to the __4__ in the brain stem.
The set point for mean arterial pressure in the vasomotor center is about __5__ mm Hg. If arterial pressure is less than this value, a series of autonomic response is coordinated by the vasomotor center. These changes will attempt to increase blood pressure toward normal.
In response to decreased mean arterial blood pressure, the vasomotor center _6__, __7__, outflow to the heart, and __8__ __9__ to the heart and blood vessels.
The following four effects attempt to increase the arterial pressure back to normal:
1) 10, resulting from 11 12 tone and 13 14 tone to the 15 node of the heart.
2) . 16 contractility and stroke volume. Together with increase in HR, the increase in contractility and SV produce an increase in 17 which increases arterial pressure.
3) 18 vasoconstriction of arterioles. As a result 19 and arterial pressure will increase.
4) 20 vasoconstriction of veins. 21 in venous return causes an increase in CO by Frank-Starling mechanism.
- decrease
- carotid sinus
- decrease
- Vasomotor center
- 100 mm Hg
- Decrease
- parasympathetic
- increase
- sympathetic
- decrease Heart rate
- decrease
- parasympathetic
- Increase
- Sympathetic
- SA node.
- Increase
- Cardiac Output
- increase
- TPR
- Increase
- Increase.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a long-term blood pressure regulation by adjustment of ___.
Blood volume.
Steps in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Fill in the blanks.
A decrease in renal perfusion pressure causes the 1 cells of the 2 arteriole to secrete 3.
Renin is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4 into 5 in 6.
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by 7 primarily in the 8. Angiotensin II has four effects:
1) It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of 9 by the adrenal cortex.
2. it increase 10 exchange in the proximal convoluted tubule.
3. It increases 11.
4. It causes 12 of arterioles, thereby increasing TPR and arterial pressure.
- juxtaglomerular
- afferent
- renin
- angiotensinogen
- Angiotensin I
- Plasma
- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
- Lungs
- aldosterone
- Na+–H+
- thirst
- vasoconstriction
What is Cushing reaction?
Example of the response to cerebral ischemia. Increase in intracranial pressure cause compression of the cerebral blood vessels, leading to cerebral ischemia and increased cerebral PCO2.
The carotid and aortic bodies primarily senses changes in___.
partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).
___ is involved in the regulation of blood pressure in response to hemorrhage, but not in minute to minute regulation of normal blood pressure.
Vasopressin (ADH)
Vasopressin are released from what structure?
Posterior pittuitary
Which receptors sense decrease in blood volume and cause release of vasopressin?
Atrial receptors
When bound to V1 receptors, vasopressin acts as a ___.
Vasoconstrictor
When bound to V2 receptors it increases ___.
water reabsorption by the renal distal tubule and collecting ducts.
Atria releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to what?
Increase in blood volume and atrial pressure.
What effects does ANP have on vascular smooth muscles and arterioles?
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and arterioles. –> decrease TPR.
Secretion of renin can be inhibited by?
ANP
