Pharm of ANuS - Kruse Lecture

Question 1

Sympathetic ANS stems from which part of the spine?

Answer 1

thoracolumbar

Question 2

Parasympathetic ANS stems from which part of the spine?

Answer 2

craniosacral

Question 3

If I am an NT for the parasympathetic ANS, I am most likely what?

Answer 3

acetylcholine

Question 4

The parasympathetic receptor at the ganglion is what?

Answer 4

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 5

The parasympathetic receptor on the effector organ is:

Answer 5

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 6

The sympathetic receptor at the ganglion is what?

Answer 6

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 7

The sympathetic receptor at sweat glands is:

Answer 7

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 8

The sympathetic receptor at cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals are what and what NT binds to them?

Answer 8

alpha and beta receptors for norepinepherine

Question 9

The sympathetic receptor in the smooth muscle of the kidneys is what and it binds what?

Answer 9

the D1 receptor for dopamine

Question 10

Somatic skeletal muscle has what receptors and what binds to them?

Answer 10

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for acetylcholine

Question 11

What is the one big exception post-sympathetic fiber that utilizes ACh for its NT? And which ACh receptor does it utilize?

Answer 11

The sweat glands, and they use mAChRs

Question 12

What NT is used at ALL preganglionic autonomic fibers?

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

Norepinephrine is generally thought of as the major NT for which ANS system?

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

What is norepinephrine categorized as?

Answer 14

a catecholamine

Question 15

Where are norepinephrine receptors generally found?

Answer 15

Vast majority of postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 16

Where is epinephrine synthesized?

Answer 16

in the adrenal medulla and a few brainstem pathways

Question 17

What is epinephrine categorized as?

Answer 17

catecholamine

Question 18

Where is dopamine synthesized?

Answer 18

In neuronal cytoplasm

Question 19

Dopamine is a precursor to what two other catecholamines?

Answer 19

nor and epinephrine

Question 20

Dopamine acts as a NT at where?

Answer 20

in the CNS and renal vascular smooth muscle

Question 21

Dopamine is categorized as a what?

Answer 21

catecholamine

Question 22

What ion is a cotransporter for choline transport?

Answer 22

sodium

Question 23

If acetylcholine binds prejunctional nAChRs, what is mobilized by this?

Answer 23

Additional ACh is mobilized for subsequent release

Question 24

If acetylcholine binds prejunctional mAChRs, what is the outcome of this?

Answer 24

At mAChRs, further release of ACh is inhibited.

Question 25

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors are there?

Answer 25

5. M1-M5

Question 26

mAChRs are what kind of proteins?

Answer 26

G-proteins - metabotropic receptors

Question 27

M2 receptor is the predominant mAChR in what type of muscle?

Answer 27

cardiac muscle

Question 28

Which three muscarinic receptors are Gq proteins?

Answer 28

M1, 3 and 5

Question 29

Which two muscarinic receptors are Gi proteins?

Answer 29

M2 and 4

Question 30

Where are M2 receptors located?

Answer 30

Heart, nerves, smooth muscle

Question 31

Where are M3 receptors located?

Answer 31

smooth muscle, glands, endothelium

Question 32

Gq proteins promote release of what?

Answer 32

IP3, DAG, Ca2+ and activation of PLC

Question 33

Gi proteins inhibit release of what?

Answer 33

inhibit cAMP, inhibit adenyly cyclase, and activate K+ channels

Question 34

The major hormone/NT released by the adrenal medulla is:

Answer 34

epinephrine