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RENAL PHYSIOLOGY > regional transport > Flashcards

regional transport Flashcards

1
Q

proximal tubule

A
  • isotonic fluid
  • Na
  • K
  • Cl
  • H2O
  • glucose
  • lactate
  • amino acid
  • inorganic PO4
  • 2/3 of HCO3 is reabsorbed
  • no net gain and net lost of HCO3 in the PT
  • is to recover 90% of the filtered HCO3
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2
Q

TM system is

A
  • secondary active transport at the luminal membrane
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3
Q

a defect in recovering 90% of filtered HCO3 in the PT

A
  • causing HCO3 in the urine
  • type II renal tubular acidosis
  • causing metabolic acidosis
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4
Q

type II renal tubular acidosis

A
  • a defect in recovering 90% of filtered HCO3 in the PT
  • causing metabolic acidosis
  • HCO3 in the urine
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5
Q

maximum effect of ADH on the KIDNEY

A
  • most of the WATER IS REABSORBED IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE 2/3
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6
Q

ACTION OF ADH

A
  • COLLECTING DUCT
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7
Q

MOST OF ANYTHING IS ABSORBED

A
  • magnesium

- PROXIMAL TUBULE

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8
Q

a DEcrease in CONCENTRATION MEANS

A
  • substance is completely reabsorbed and secreted

- glucose is absorbed in early proximal tubule

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9
Q

INULIN

A
  • freely filtered
  • INcreases in CONCENTRATION as it reabsorbs water
  • substance is NOT reabsorbed
  • 3.0
  • PCT
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10
Q

NORMAL RATIO

A
  • 1.O
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11
Q

lowest concentration of INULIN

A
  • BOWMAN’S SPACE

- at the beginning of the system

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12
Q

highest concentration of INULIN

A
  • COLLECTING DUCT

- end of the system

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13
Q

Thin descending limb of loop of Henle

A
  • The thin descending limb has low permeability to ions and urea, while being highly permeable to water.
  • The loop has a sharp bend in the renal medulla going from descending to ascending thin limb.
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14
Q

Thin ascending limb of loop of Henle

A

The thin ascending limb is impermeable to water, but it is permeable to ions.

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15
Q

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

A
  • Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) ions are reabsorbed from the urine by secondary active transport by a Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2).
  • The electrical and concentration gradient drives more reabsorption of Na+, as well as other cations such as magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+).
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16
Q

Cortical thick ascending limb

A

The cortical thick ascending limb drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule.

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17
Q

if no water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

DUE TO COMPLETE INHIBITION OF THE SODUIM POTASSIUM PUMP

A
  • no substance is reabsorbed either

- meaning reabsorption in the proximal tubule is dependent on the amount of water reabsorbed

18
Q

PROXIMAL TUBULE IS POWERED BY

A
  • NaKATPase pump
19
Q

urea

A
  • counter current multiplier
20
Q

inner medulla

A
  • maximum amount 1200
21
Q

greatest osmolarity

A
  • at the TIP OF THE LOOP OF HENLE and end of collecting duct w/ the maximum effect of ADH
22
Q

thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

A
  • have a big decrease of osmolarity passing thru
  • DILUTING SEGMENT OF THE NEPHRON
  • ## HYPOTONIC
23
Q

lowest osmolarity

A
  • early part of the distal tubule MAIN ANSWER

- SECOND CHOICE or the fluid leaving the loop of henle

24
Q

uncontrolled diabetes

A
  • not absorbing glucose in the proximal tubule
  • large volume of dilute urine is formed even if high ADH
  • unable to form concentrated urine
25
Q

distal tubule

A
  • NaCl reabsorption

- PTH acts at the basal membrane

26
Q

primary active transport

A
  • ATPase breaking down ATP

that directly supplies the energy at the distal tubule

27
Q

secondary active transport at the early distal tubule

A
  • 3 sodium entering the cell them pump out 1 calcium out of the cell
  • powered NaKATPase pump
28
Q

last part of the distal tubule is

A
  • distal nephron
  • has principal cells
  • intercalated cells
29
Q

collecting duct

A
  • has principal cells

- intercalated cells

30
Q

aldosterone mainly act on the

A
  • PRINCIPAL CELL
31
Q

most filtered PO4 is reabsorbed in the

A
  • proximal tubule
32
Q

H+ ion are secreted as

A
  • dihydrogen PO4 (H2PO4) aka as TITRATABLE ACID

- 1/3 of the normal hydrogen secreted is buffered by PO4

33
Q

AMMONIA IS PRODUCED BY

A
  • KIDNEY
34
Q

acidosis

A
  • increase NH4
35
Q

alkalosis

A
  • decrease NH4 2/3 loss in the urine
36
Q

total acid loss in the urine

A
  • titratable acid (H2PO4) plus NH4

- equals the HCO3 formed in the intercalated cells

37
Q

type I renal tubular acidosis

A
  • fails to secrete titratable acid (H2PO4) plus NH4
  • unable to pump H+
  • urine pH is not affected
38
Q

NH4 is the major component of losing

A
  • H+ ions in the urine

- urine anion gap to estimate the amount of NH4 lost in the urine

39
Q

urine anion gap

Na+ plus K+ plus NH4+ equals

A

= Cl` concentration

40
Q

urine anion gap

Na+ plus K+ minus Cl`

A

= -NH4 meaning a lot of NH4 in the urine

- losing a lot of fixed acid in the urine

41
Q

urine anion gap

Na+ plus K+ minus Cl`

A

= zero or positive there is NO NH4 in the urine

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (9 decks)

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