potassium disorders Flashcards
1
Q
potassium
A
- excretion must equal intake
- regulated by the kidneys
- colon lose a small amount of K
- 2 K is pumping into the cell
- ungated channel
- a negative membrane potential inside the cell forced the K into the cell
- high extracellular K concentration
2
Q
sodium is
A
- always diffusing into cell(-)
- pumping out 3 Na
3
Q
acute regulation of K concentration is due mainly to insulin in some account catecholamines
large meal
A
- high K load
- if their are no insulin and catecholamine it will develop hyperkalemia
- insulin pump it into the cell keeping it out of excitable tissues
4
Q
beta blockers users
A
- can cause hyperkalemia in plasma following a meal
5
Q
insulin
A
- short term regulator of K
6
Q
catecholamines e.g. aldosterone
A
- long term regulator of K with in a normal range
7
Q
H+ ion into the cell metabolic acidosis (inorganic subs) will lead to
A
- K out of the cell to maintain membrane neutrality
- hyperkalemia
- pump more H+ ions out of the cell causing a diminished negative charges causing a decrease in K secretion
8
Q
organic acid
A
- ketoacidosis
9
Q
cell shrink
A
- hyperosmosis
- K out
- hyperkalemia
10
Q
metabolic alkalosis
A
- deficiency extracellular HCO3
- HCO3 out
- 2 K in
- hypokalemia
11
Q
respiratory alkalosis
A
- has a minimal shift
12
Q
cells swell
A
- hyposmotic
- K in
- hypokalemia
13
Q
K secretion in the collecting duct
A
- is flow dependent
- diuresis K out
- reduce the hyperkalemia
14
Q
alkalosis
A
- hypokalemia
15
Q
promoters of hyperkalemia
transcellular shifts
A
- metabolic acidosis
- hyperglycemia
- insulin deficiency or reistance
- muscle trauma
16
Q
promoters of hyperkalemia
gastrointestinal
A
- excessive intake
17
Q
promoters of hyperkalemia
kidney renal failure
A
- acute oligouric kidney disease
- chronic kidney disease where GFR decreased
- hypoaldosteronism (long term maintenance secrete K)
18
Q
promoters of hypokalemia
trancellular shifts
A
- metabolic alkalosis
- sudden increase in insulin and catecholamines
19
Q
promoters of hypokalemia
GI
A
- diarrhea
- vomiting metabolic alkalosis creates hypokalemia
20
Q
promoters of hypokalemia
kidney
A
- thiazide diuretics
- loop diuretics
- osmotic diuresis
- hyperaldosteronism e.g adrenal adenoma, renal arterial stenosis
- increase excretion of negative ions (HCO3, ketone bodies)
- renal tubular acidosis type I and II
