Regional Circulation - Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the kinds of circulation in the lungs?

A

Pulmonary

Bronchial

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2
Q

Which regional circulation receives 100% of blood flow?

A

Pulmonary

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3
Q

What is the route of blood flow in pulmonary circulation?

A

Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle to the lungs and oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium and ventricle

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4
Q

What is the route of blood flow in bronchial circulation?

A

It supplies oxygenated blood to the tissue to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation arises from…

A

…the Right Ventricle.

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6
Q

Bronchial Circulation arises from…

A

…the aorta.

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7
Q

The bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circulation. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

How much of the ventricular output does bronchial circulation receive?

A

2%

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9
Q

Cardiac output of pulmonary circulation

A

3.5L/min/m2

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10
Q

RBC travels through lung in…

A

…4-5 seconds

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11
Q

Functional anatomy of the pulmonary circulation

A
  • Thin walled vessels at all levels
  • Pulmonary arteries have far less smooth muscle in their wall

As a result, the vessels

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12
Q

The functional anatomy of pulmonary vessels makes them…

A

Distensible and Compressible

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13
Q

In the bronchial circulation, most of the venous blood goes through…

A

…pulmonary veins

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14
Q

Pulmonary arteries carry…

A

Deoxygenated blood

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15
Q

Pulmonary veins carry

A

Oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart

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16
Q

Why are pressured different in pulmonary and bronchial circulation?

A

Control of regional perfusion in the systemic circulation

17
Q

Pulmonary vessels have…

A
  • Little vascular smooth muscle.
  • Low intravascular pressure.
  • High distensiblility and compressiblility.
18
Q

Lengthening and compression of pulmonary vessels leads to…

A

Increased passive vascular resistance

19
Q

Pulmonary vessel diameter is influenced by..

A

Extravascular forces:

  • Gravity
  • Body position
  • Lung volume
20
Q

Pressure in the pulmonary arterioles depends on…

A

…both mean pulmonary artery pressure and the vertical position of the vessel in the chest, relative to the heart.

21
Q

Blood flow in lung zone 1 may be absent because…

A

…there is inadequate pressure to overcome alveolar pressure

22
Q

Blood flow in zone 3 is…

A

…continuous and driven by the pressure in the pulmonary arteriole – pulmonary venous pressure.

23
Q

Blood flow in zone 2 may be…

A

…pulsatile and driven by the pressure in the pulmonary arteriole – alveolar pressure (collapsing the capillaries

24
Q

Alveolar hypoxia causes…

A

…active vasoconstriction at level of pre-capillary arterioles

25
Q

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction occurs locally and does not require innervation. True or false?

A

True

26
Q

General hypoxemia (high altitude or hypoventilation) can cause extensive pulmonary artery vasodilation. True or false?

A

False - it’s vasoconstriction

27
Q

Capillary endothelial cells are permeable to…

A

…water, small molecules, ions but is a barrier to proteins.

28
Q

Alveolar epithelial cells are a more effective barrier than the endothelial cells. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

Alveolar epithelial cels can pump both…

A

…salt and water from the alveolar space.