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Cardio Physio > Regional Circulation - Coronary > Flashcards

Regional Circulation - Coronary Flashcards

1
Q

The coronary circulation covers…

A

…the circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium)

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2
Q

The left coronary artery supplies the…

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle
Anterior part of interventricular septum

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3
Q

The right coronary artery supplies the…

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Posterior part of interventricular septum

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4
Q

Two coronary arteries arise from what side of the heart?

A

The left side of the heart, at the beginning of the aorta. They are the left and right coronary arteries

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5
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

The circumflex artery

The left anterior descending artery

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6
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A
  • Atrial ventricular nodal branch
  • Right marginal artery
  • Posterior descending artery
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7
Q

There are no anastomoses between the left and right coronary arteries. True or false?

A

False. There are small anastomotic connections between the 2 coronaries, but they are not sufficient to supply the cardiac muscle with blood

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8
Q

What percentage of cardiac output is coronary blood flow?

A

5%

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9
Q

Coronary blood flow at rest in humans is…

A

250 ml/min

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10
Q

The right coronary artery has a greater flow in

A

50% of population

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11
Q

The left coronary artery has a greater flow in

A

20% of the population

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12
Q

Blood flow in the left and right coronary arteries are equal. True or false?

A

In 30% of the population, yes. It varies from one person to the other.

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13
Q

What are the venous systems in the cardiac muscle?

A

Superficial and Deep

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14
Q

The superficial venous system of the cardiac muscle is comprised of…

A

The coronary sinus and the anterior cardiac vein

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15
Q

The veins in the superficial venous system of the cardiac muscle drain…

A

…mainly left ventricle and open into the right atrium

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16
Q

The deep venous system of the cardiac muscle is comprised of…

A

…thebesian veins

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17
Q

The veins in the deep venous system of the cardiac muscle drain…

A

…small amount of the coronary venous blood directly into all chambers of the heart.

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18
Q

What influences the amount of blood flow to the myocardium?

A

Myocardial demand for oxygen.

19
Q

Phasic changes in the right ventricle is relatively less than that of the left ventricle. True or false? Why?

A

True. Because the force of contraction of the right ventricle is far less than that of the left ventricle

20
Q

When is myoglobin loaded with oxygen?

A

Diastole

21
Q

LThe lowest CBF occurs during…

A

…the isometric contraction phase

22
Q

Does the CBF drop during systole? Why?

A

It does, due to strong compression of the subendocardial vessels that enter the myocardium as a result of high ventricular pressure

23
Q

What is the effect of the compression of subendocardial coronary vessels during systole?

A

Momentary retrograde flow which further inhibits perfusion of myocardium

24
Q

Changes in CBF during systole

A
  • CBF drops

- High ventricular pressure

25
Q

The highest CBF occurs during…

A

…isometric relaxation phase

26
Q

Effect of low coronary perfusion pressures on the endocardium

A

It makes it more susceptible to ischemia because of extravascular compression

27
Q

Tachycardia lengthens coronary filling time during diastole. True or false?

A

False, it shortens it.

28
Q

Where is the venous oxygen content higher? Coronary or others?

A

Others

29
Q

Where is the oxygen consumption higher? Coronary or others?

A

Coronary vessels

30
Q

Where is the oxygen extraction higher? Coronary or others?

A

Coronary vessels

31
Q

Where is the venous oxygen reserve higher? Coronary or others?

A

Others

32
Q

Intrinsic mechanism for regulation of CBF

A

Oxygen demand or need

33
Q

Extrinsic mechanism for regulation of CBF

A

Chemical
Nervous
Mechanical

34
Q

The heart has a very low basal oxygen consumption. True or false? What’s the value?

A

False. It’s high. 8-10 ml O2/min/100g).

35
Q

Active hyperaemia occurs in the heart during…

A

…exercise

36
Q

What occurs if the coronaries are temporarily occluded?

A

Reactive hyperaemia, leading to increase of the CBF about 3-4 folds

37
Q

Mention two coronary vasodilators

A

Adenosine

Nitric oxide

38
Q

Sympathetic activation of the heart results in…

A

coronary vasodilation and increased coronary flow due to increased metabolic activity

39
Q

Increased venous return causes CBF to…

A

…rise

40
Q

Effect of venous return on CBF is called…

A

Anrep’s reflex

41
Q

Describe the gastrocoronary reflex

A

Distension of the stomach with heavy meal produces reflex coronary VC and decreased CBF

42
Q

Mechanical factors that affect coronary blood flow

A
  • Phases of cardiac cycle
  • Heart rate
  • Mechanical occlusion of coronary artery
43
Q

Effect of the heart rate on coronary blood flow

A

It is inversely proportional.

The higher the heart rate, the shorter the coronary blood flow by shortening of the diastolic period. Otherwise, diastole is prolonged.

Cardio Physio (10 decks)

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